Ukuthuthukiswa Kwakamuva Kumabhethri Wesifunda Esiqinile Okwenziwa Izinkampani Eziphezulu Eziyi-10 Zomhlaba Wonke Ze-Lithium-ion

Ngo-2024, isimo sokuncintisana somhlaba wonke samabhethri kagesi sesiqalile ukwakheka. Idatha yomphakathi ekhishwe ngomhla zi-2 kuJulayi iveza ukuthi ukufakwa kwebhethri lamandla emhlabeni jikelele kufinyelele inani elingu-285.4 GWh kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi kulo nyaka, okuphawula ukukhula konyaka ngo-23%.

Izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu ezisezingeni yilezi: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, neXinwanda. Izinkampani zamabhethri aseShayina ziyaqhubeka nokuhlala ezikhundleni eziyisithupha kweziyishumi eziphezulu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa kwebhethri lamandla e-CATL kufinyelele ku-107 GWh, okubalelwa ku-37.5% wesabelo semakethe, kuvikeleke isikhundla esiphambili ngenzuzo ephelele. I-CATL futhi ukuphela kwenkampani emhlabeni wonke ukweqa i-100 GWh yokufakwa. Ukufakwa kwebhethri lamandla e-BYD kufike ku-44.9 GWh, ikleliswe endaweni yesibili ngesabelo semakethe esingu-15.7%, esikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-2 wamaphuzu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinyanga ezimbili ezedlule. Emkhakheni wamabhethri esimo esiqinile, imephu yomgwaqo ye-CATL incike kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-solid-state kanye ne-sulfide, okuhloswe ngayo ukuzuza ukuminyana kwamandla okungu-500 Wh/kg. Njengamanje, i-CATL iyaqhubeka nokutshala imali emkhakheni wamabhethri e-solid state futhi ilindele ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa okuncane ngo-2027.

Ngokuqondene ne-BYD, imithombo yemakethe ikhombisa ukuthi ingase isebenzise umgwaqo wezobuchwepheshe ohlanganisa i-high-nickel ternary (i-crystal eyodwa) cathodes, ama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon (ukunwetshwa okuphansi), nama-electrolyte e-sulfide (i-halide eyinhlanganisela). Umthamo weseli ungadlula u-60 Ah, ngesisindo esiqondile samandla esingu-400 Wh/kg kanye nokuminyana kwamandla wevolumu engu-800 Wh/L. Ukuminyana kwamandla wephakethe lebhethri, elimelana nokubhobozwa noma ukushisisa, lingadlula u-280 Wh/kg. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza ngobuningi sicishe sifane nemakethe, ngokukhiqizwa okuncane okulindelwe ngo-2027 kanye nokunyuswa kwemakethe ngo-2030.

I-LG Energy Solution ngaphambilini iveze ukwethulwa kwamabhethri e-solid state asuselwa ku-oxide ngo-2028 kanye namabhethri e-solid state asuselwa ku-sulfide ngo-2030. Isibuyekezo sakamuva sibonisa ukuthi i-LG Energy Solution ihlose ukuthengisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obunamabhethri omile ngaphambi kuka-2028, okunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ibhethri ngo-17% -30%.

I-SK Innovation ihlela ukuqedela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-polymer oxide composite solid-state namabhethri e-sulfide solid-state ngo-2026, nge-industrialization eqondiswe ku-2028. Njengamanje, basungula isikhungo sokucwaninga ngebhethri e-Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do.

AbakwaSamsung SDI basanda kumemezela uhlelo lwayo lokuqala ukukhiqiza ngobuningi bamabhethri e-solid-state ngo-2027. Ingxenye yebhethri abasebenza kuyo izofinyelela ukuminyana kwamandla okungu-900 Wh/L futhi ibe nempilo efinyelela eminyakeni engu-20, inikeze amandla u-80% ukushaja ngemizuzu engu-9.

I-Panasonic yayihlanganyele ne-Toyota ngo-2019, ihlose ukuguqula amabhethri e-solid-state asuke esigabeni sokuhlola aye embonini. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili ziphinde zasungula ibhizinisi lebhethri lesimo esiqinile elibizwa nge-Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Nokho, akubanga khona okunye ukubuyekezwa okwamanje. Noma kunjalo, iPanasonic phambilini yamemezela izinhlelo ngo-2023 zokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri lesimo esiqinile ngaphambi kuka-2029, ikakhulukazi ezosetshenziswa ezimotweni zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu.

Kunezindaba zakamuva ezilinganiselwe mayelana nenqubekelaphambili ye-CALB emkhakheni wamabhethri esimo esiqinile. Ngekota yesine yonyaka odlule, i-CALB yasho engqungqutheleni yabalingani bomhlaba wonke ukuthi amabhethri abo e-semi-solid-state azofakwa ezimotweni zohlobo lwangaphandle zikanokusho engxenyeni yesine ka-2024. Lawa mabhethri angakwazi ukufinyelela ibanga elingu-500 km ngokushajwa okuyimizuzu eyi-10, futhi ububanzi bawo obukhulu bufinyelela ku-1000 km.

IPhini Lomqondisi wakwa-EVE Energy we-Central Research Institute, u-Zhao Ruirui, udalule intuthuko yakamuva kumabhethri aqinile ngoJuni walo nyaka. Kubikwa ukuthi i-EVE Energy iphishekela umgwaqo wezobuchwepheshe ohlanganisa i-sulfide ne-halide solid-state electrolytes. Bahlela ukwethula amabhethri e-solid-state aphelele ngo-2026, aqale agxile ezimotweni zikagesi eziyingxubevange.

I-Guoxuan High-Tech isivele ikhiphe “Ibhethri ye-Jnshi,” ibhethri eligcwele lesimo esiqinile esebenzisa i-sulfide electrolyte. Inamandla afinyelela ku-350 Wh/kg, idlula amabhethri ajwayelekile angaphezu kuka-40%. Ngomthamo wokukhiqiza wesifunda esiqinile esingu-2 GWh, iGuoxuan High-Tech ihlose ukwenza izivivinyo ezincane emotweni yebhethri ye-Jinshi egcwele yesimo esiqinile ngo-2027, ngenhloso yokuzuza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-2030 lapho uchungechunge lwezimboni selusungulwe kahle.

I-Xinwanda yenze ukudalulwa kwayo kokuqala okunemininingwane esidlangalaleni kwenqubekelaphambili kumabhethri esimo esiqinile ngoJulayi walo nyaka. U-Xinwanda uthe ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ilindele ukwehlisa izindleko zamabhethri e-solid state asekelwe ku-polymer ukuya ku-2 yuan/Wh ngo-2026, okusondelene nezindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko. Bahlela ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bamabhethri e-solid-state ephelele ngo-2030.

Sengiphetha, izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu emhlabeni jikelele ze-lithium-ion zenza ngenkuthalo amabhethri ezwe eliqinile futhi zenza inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kulo mkhakha. I-CATL ihola iphakethe ngokugxila kwayo ezintweni ezisetshenziswa yi-solid-state kanye ne-sulfide, ihlose ukuminyana kwamandla okungu-500 Wh/kg. Ezinye izinkampani ezifana ne-BYD, i-LG Energy Solution, i-SK Innovation, i-Samsung SDI, i-Panasonic, i-CALB, i-EVE Energy, i-Guoxuan High-Tech, ne-Xinwanda nazo zinemephu yemigwaqo yobuchwepheshe nezikhathi zokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri lesimo esiqinile. Umjaho wamabhethri e-solid state uyaqhubeka, futhi lezi zinkampani zilwela ukuzuza ukuhweba nokukhiqiza ngobuningi eminyakeni ezayo. Intuthuko ethokozisayo kanye nempumelelo kulindeleke ukuthi kuguqule imboni yokugcina amandla futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwamabhethri e-solid state.