Intuthuko Yakamuva Kumabhethri Aqinile Esifundazweni Yizinkampani Eziyi-10 Eziphezulu Zomhlaba Wonke Ze-Lithium-ion

Ngo-2024, isimo sokuncintisana komhlaba wonke ngamabhethri kagesi sesiqalile ukubonakala. Idatha yomphakathi ekhishwe ngoJulayi 2 iveza ukuthi ukufakwa kwamabhethri kagesi emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele inani elingu-285.4 GWh kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi kulo nyaka, okubonisa ukukhula okungu-23% unyaka nonyaka.

Izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu ohlwini yilezi: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, kanye neXinwanda. Izinkampani zamabhethri zaseShayina ziyaqhubeka nokuba sezikhundleni eziyisithupha kweziyishumi eziphezulu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa kwamabhethri kagesi e-CATL kufinyelele ku-107 GWh, okubalwa ku-37.5% wesabelo semakethe, okuqinisekisa isikhundla esiphambili ngenzuzo enkulu. I-CATL futhi yiyona kuphela inkampani emhlabeni wonke eyedlula i-100 GWh yokufakwa. Ukufakwa kwamabhethri kagesi e-BYD kube ngu-44.9 GWh, kubekwe endaweni yesibili ngesabelo semakethe esingu-15.7%, esikhuphuke ngamaphuzu ama-2% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinyanga ezimbili ezedlule. Emkhakheni wamabhethri aqinile, imephu yezobuchwepheshe ye-CATL incike kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziqinile kanye ne-sulfide, ihlose ukufeza ubuningi bamandla obungu-500 Wh/kg. Njengamanje, i-CATL iyaqhubeka nokutshala imali emkhakheni wamabhethri aqinile futhi ilindele ukufeza ukukhiqizwa okuncane ngo-2027.

Ngokuphathelene ne-BYD, imithombo yemakethe ikhombisa ukuthi ingase isebenzise imephu yezobuchwepheshe equkethe ama-cathode e-ternary (ikristalu elilodwa) aphezulu, ama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon (ukwanda okuphansi), kanye nama-electrolyte e-sulfide (ama-halide ahlanganisiwe). Umthamo weseli ungadlula ama-60 Ah, ngobuningi bamandla obuthile obungu-400 Wh/kg kanye nobuningi bamandla obungu-800 Wh/L. Ubuningi bamandla bephakethe lebhethri, elimelana nokubhoboza noma ukushisa, bungadlula ama-280 Wh/kg. Isikhathi sokukhiqizwa ngobuningi sicishe sifane nemakethe, kanti ukukhiqizwa okuncane kulindeleke ngo-2027 kanye nokukhushulwa kwemakethe ngo-2030.

I-LG Energy Solution ngaphambilini yayibikezele ukuqaliswa kwamabhethri e-solid-state asekelwe ku-oxide ngo-2028 kanye namabhethri e-solid-state asekelwe ku-sulfide ngo-2030. Isibuyekezo sakamuva sibonisa ukuthi i-LG Energy Solution ihlose ukuthengisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri elomile ngaphambi kuka-2028, okunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amabhethri ngo-17%-30%.

I-SK Innovation ihlela ukuqedela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-polymer oxide composite solid-state kanye namabhethri e-sulfide solid-state ngo-2026, kanti ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kuhloswe ngo-2028. Njengamanje, basungula isikhungo sokucwaninga ngamabhethri eDaejeon, eChungcheongnam-do.

I-Samsung SDI isanda kumemezela uhlelo lwayo lokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri e-solid-state ngobuningi ngo-2027. Ingxenye yebhethri abasebenza kuyo izofinyelela ubuningi bamandla obungu-900 Wh/L futhi ibe nesikhathi sokuphila esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20, okwenza kube nokushaja okungu-80% ngemizuzu engu-9.

I-Panasonic yayibambisene neToyota ngo-2019, ihlose ukuguqula amabhethri aqinile kusukela esigabeni sokuhlola kuya kwezezimboni. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili zasungula nebhizinisi lamabhethri aqinile elibizwa nge-Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Kodwa-ke, azikho ezinye izibuyekezo okwamanje. Noma kunjalo, i-Panasonic ngaphambilini yamemezela izinhlelo ngo-2023 zokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri aqinile ngaphambi kuka-2029, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu.

Kunezindaba ezimbalwa zakamuva mayelana nentuthuko ye-CALB emkhakheni wamabhethri aqinile. Kwikota yesine yonyaka odlule, i-CALB yathi engqungqutheleni yabalingani bomhlaba wonke ukuthi amabhethri abo aqinile azofakwa ezimotweni zomkhiqizo wangaphandle osezingeni eliphezulu kwikota yesine ka-2024. Lawa mabhethri angafinyelela ibanga lamakhilomitha angu-500 ngokushaja imizuzu eyi-10, futhi ibanga lawo eliphezulu lingafinyelela ku-1000 km.

IPhini likaMqondisi we-EVE Energy we-Central Research Institute, uZhao Ruirui, wembule intuthuko yakamuva kumabhethri e-solid-state ngoJuni walo nyaka. Kubikwa ukuthi i-EVE Energy ilandela imephu yezobuchwepheshe ehlanganisa ama-electrolyte e-solid-state e-sulfide kanye ne-halide. Bahlela ukuqalisa amabhethri e-solid-state aphelele ngo-2026, ekuqaleni begxile ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe.

I-Guoxuan High-Tech isivele ikhiphe i-“Jinshi Battery,” ibhethri eligcwele i-solid-state elisebenzisa ama-electrolyte e-sulfide. Inesisindo samandla esifinyelela ku-350 Wh/kg, idlula amabhethri e-ternary ajwayelekile ngaphezu kuka-40%. Njengoba inomthamo wokukhiqiza we-semi-solid-state ongu-2 GWh, i-Guoxuan High-Tech ihlose ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuncane emotweni kwebhethri eligcwele i-solid-state Jinshi ngo-2027, ngenhloso yokufeza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu ngo-2030 lapho uchungechunge lwezimboni seluzinzile.

I-Xinwanda yenze ukudalulwa kwayo kokuqala okuningiliziwe komphakathi ngentuthuko kumabhethri agcwele i-solid-state ngoJulayi walo nyaka. I-Xinwanda ithe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ilindele ukunciphisa izindleko zamabhethri asekelwe ku-polymer zibe yi-2 yuan/Wh ngo-2026, okucishe kube yizindleko zamabhethri endabuko e-lithium-ion. Bahlela ukufeza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwamabhethri agcwele i-solid-state ngo-2030.

Ekuphetheni, izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu ze-lithium-ion emhlabeni wonke zithuthukisa ngenkuthalo amabhethri e-solid-state futhi zenza intuthuko enkulu kulo mkhakha. I-CATL ihola iqembu ngokugxila kwayo ezintweni ze-solid-state kanye ne-sulfide, ihlose ubuningi bamandla obungu-500 Wh/kg. Ezinye izinkampani ezifana ne-BYD, i-LG Energy Solution, i-SK Innovation, i-Samsung SDI, i-Panasonic, i-CALB, i-EVE Energy, i-Guoxuan High-Tech, kanye ne-Xinwanda nazo zinezindlela zazo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezikhathi zokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-solid-state. Umncintiswano wamabhethri e-solid-state uyaqhubeka, futhi lezi zinkampani zilwela ukufeza ukuhweba kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi eminyakeni ezayo. Intuthuko ethokozisayo kanye nempumelelo kulindeleke ukuthi iguqule imboni yokugcina amandla futhi iqhubekisele phambili ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwamabhethri e-solid-state.