Uphuhliso lwamva nje kwiibhetri eziqinileyo zelizwe ziinkampani ezili-10 eziphezulu zeLithium-ion zehlabathi

Ngowama-2024, imeko-bume yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi lweebhetri zamandla iqalile ukubonakala. Idatha kawonke-wonke ekhutshwe ngoJulayi 2 ityhila ukuba ukufakwa kweebhetri zamandla kwihlabathi liphela kufikelele kwi-285.4 GWh ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi kulo nyaka, nto leyo ephawula ukukhula kwe-23% unyaka nonyaka.

Iinkampani ezilishumi eziphambili kuluhlu zezi: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, kunye neXinwanda. Iinkampani zeebhetri zaseTshayina ziyaqhubeka nokuthatha izikhundla ezintandathu kwezilishumi eziphezulu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa kweebhetri zamandla zeCATL kufikelele kwi-107 GWh, okubangela i-37.5% yesabelo semarike, nto leyo eqinisekisa isikhundla esiphambili ngenzuzo epheleleyo. I-CATL ikwayinkampani kuphela kwihlabathi liphela edlula i-100 GWh yokufakelwa. Ukufakwa kweebhetri zamandla zeBYD kufikelele kwi-44.9 GWh, ibekwe kwindawo yesibini ngesabelo semarike se-15.7%, esandiswe ngama-2 ekhulwini amanqaku xa kuthelekiswa neenyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Kwicandelo leebhetri ze-solid-state, isicwangciso setekhnoloji seCATL sixhomekeke kakhulu ekudibaneni kwezinto ze-solid-state kunye ne-sulfide, sijolise ekufezekiseni uxinano lwamandla lwe-500 Wh/kg. Okwangoku, i-CATL iyaqhubeka nokutyala imali kwicandelo leebhetri ze-solid-state kwaye ilindele ukufezekisa imveliso encinci ngo-2027.

Ngokuphathelele i-BYD, imithombo yemarike ibonisa ukuba inokusebenzisa imephu yendlela yetekhnoloji equka ii-cathodes ze-ternary eziphezulu ze-nickel (ikristale enye), ii-anode ezisekelwe kwi-silicon (ukwanda okuphantsi), kunye nee-electrolytes ze-sulfide (ii-halides ezihlanganisiweyo). Umthamo weseli ungadlula i-60 Ah, kunye noxinano lwamandla oluthile lwe-400 Wh/kg kunye noxinano lwamandla oluyi-volumetric lwe-800 Wh/L. Uxinano lwamandla lwebhetri, olumelana nokubhoboza okanye ukufudumeza, lunokudlula i-280 Wh/kg. Ixesha lokuvelisa ngobuninzi lifana nelemarike, kunye nemveliso encinci elindelekileyo ngo-2027 kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemarike ngo-2030.

I-LG Energy Solution ngaphambili yayiqikelela ukuqaliswa kweebhetri ezisekelwe kwi-oxide-based solid-state ngo-2028 kunye neebhetri ezisekelwe kwi-sulfide-based solid-state ngo-2030. Uhlaziyo lwamva nje lubonisa ukuba i-LG Energy Solution ijolise ekuthengiseni ubuchwepheshe bebhetri eyomileyo ngaphambi ko-2028, nto leyo enokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa iibhetri nge-17%-30%.

I-SK Innovation iceba ukugqiba uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-polymer oxide ezidityanisiweyo kunye neebhetri ze-sulfide ezidityanisiweyo ngo-2026, apho kujoliswe khona uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ngo-2028. Okwangoku, baseka iziko lophando lweebhetri eDaejeon, eChungcheongnam-do.

I-Samsung SDI isandula ukubhengeza isicwangciso sayo sokuqalisa ukuvelisa iibhetri eziqinileyo ngo-2027. Icandelo lebhetri abasebenza kulo liya kufikelela kubuninzi bamandla obuyi-900 Wh/L kwaye libe nobomi obufikelela kwiminyaka engama-20, okuvumela ukutshaja kwe-80% kwimizuzu eli-9.

I-Panasonic yayisebenzisana neToyota ngo-2019, ijonge ukutshintsha iibhetri ezisemgangathweni ukusuka kwinqanaba lovavanyo ukuya kwelezoshishino. Ezi nkampani zimbini zikwaseke ishishini leebhetri ezisemgangathweni elibizwa ngokuba yiPrime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Nangona kunjalo, akukho hlaziyo luthe kratya okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, iPanasonic ngaphambili yabhengeza izicwangciso ngo-2023 zokuqala ukuvelisa iibhetri ezisemgangathweni ngaphambi ko-2029, ikakhulu eziza kusetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezingenabantu.

Kukho iindaba ezimbalwa zakutshanje malunga nenkqubela phambili yeCALB kwicandelo leebhetri eziqinileyo. Kwikota yesine yonyaka ophelileyo, iCALB yathi kwingqungquthela yamaqabane ehlabathi ukuba iibhetri zabo eziqinileyo ziya kufakwa kwizithuthi zophawu lwangaphandle olukumgangatho ophezulu kwikota yesine ka-2024. Ezi bhetri zinokufikelela kumgama we-500 km ngokutshaja kwemizuzu eli-10, kwaye uluhlu lwazo oluphezulu lunokufikelela kwi-1000 km.

Usekela-Mlawuli we-EVE Energy kwiCentral Research Institute, uZhao Ruirui, utyhile uphuhliso lwamva nje kwiibhetri ze-solid-state ngoJuni walo nyaka. Kubikwa ukuba i-EVE Energy ilandela imephu yendlela yetekhnoloji equka i-sulfide kunye ne-halide solid-state electrolytes. Baceba ukuqalisa iibhetri ze-solid-state ezipheleleyo ngo-2026, ekuqaleni begxile kwizithuthi zombane ezixutyiweyo.

I-Guoxuan High-Tech sele ikhuphe i-“Jinshi Battery,” ibhetri epheleleyo ye-solid-state esebenzisa ii-electrolytes ze-sulfide. Ine-energy density efikelela kwi-350 Wh/kg, idlula iibhetri ze-ternary eziqhelekileyo ngaphezulu kwama-40%. Ngomthamo wemveliso we-semi-solid-state we-2 GWh, i-Guoxuan High-Tech ijolise ekwenzeni uvavanyo oluncinci lwe-Jinshi Battery epheleleyo ye-solid-state ngo-2027, ngenjongo yokufezekisa imveliso enkulu ngo-2030 xa uthotho lwemizi-mveliso luzinzile.

IXinwanda yenze isibhengezo sayo sokuqala esineenkcukacha esidlangalaleni malunga nenkqubela phambili kwiibhetri ezipheleleyo ze-solid-state ngoJulayi walo nyaka. IXinwanda ithe ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obutsha, ilindele ukunciphisa iindleko zeebhetri ezisekelwe kwi-polymer ukuya kwi-2 yuan/Wh ngo-2026, nto leyo ephantse ifane nexabiso leebhetri zemveli ze-lithium-ion. Baceba ukufezekisa ukuveliswa okukhulu kweebhetri ezipheleleyo ze-solid-state ngo-2030.

Ukuqukumbela, iinkampani ezilishumi eziphambili zehlabathi ze-lithium-ion ziphuhlisa iibhetri ze-solid-state kwaye zenza inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kweli candelo. I-CATL ikhokela iqela ngokugxila kwayo kwizixhobo ze-solid-state kunye ne-sulfide, ijolise ekuxinaniseni kwamandla angama-500 Wh/kg. Ezinye iinkampani ezifana ne-BYD, i-LG Energy Solution, i-SK Innovation, i-Samsung SDI, i-Panasonic, i-CALB, i-EVE Energy, i-Guoxuan High-Tech, kunye ne-Xinwanda nazo zinemephu yazo yetekhnoloji kunye nexesha lokuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-solid-state. Umdyarho weebhetri ze-solid-state uyaqhubeka, kwaye ezi nkampani zizama ukufikelela kurhwebo kunye nemveliso enkulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukuqhubela phambili okunomdla kunye nempumelelo kulindeleke ukuba kuguqule ishishini lokugcina amandla kwaye kuqhubele phambili ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-solid-state.