Kuvandudzwa Kwazvino muMabhatiri Akasimba neMakambani Epamusoro gumi eLithium-ion Pasirose

Muna 2024, mamiriro ekukwikwidzana kwepasi rose kwemabhatiri emagetsi akatanga kuoneka. Ruzivo rweveruzhinji rwakaburitswa musi wa2 Chikunguru runoratidza kuti kuiswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi pasi rose kwakasvika 285.4 GWh kubva muna Ndira kusvika Chivabvu gore rino, zvichiratidza kukura kwe23% gore rega rega.

Makambani gumi epamusoro ari pachidanho ichi ndeanoti: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, naXinwanda. Makambani emabhatiri ekuChina ari kuramba achitora nzvimbo nhanhatu pagumi dzepamusoro.

Pakati pavo, kuiswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi eCATL kwakasvika 107 GWh, zvichiita 37.5% yemugove wemusika, zvichiwana chinzvimbo chepamusoro nebhenefiti huru. CATL ndiyo kambani yega pasi rose yakadarika 100 GWh yekuisa. Kuiswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi eBYD kwakasvika 44.9 GWh, iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri nemugove wemusika we15.7%, iyo yakawedzera ne2 muzana mapoinzi zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi miviri yapfuura. Mumunda wemabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi, nzira yeCATL yehunyanzvi inonyanya kuvimba nekusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi emagetsi nesulfide, ichivavarira kuwana simba re500 Wh/kg. Parizvino, CATL iri kuramba ichidyara mari mumunda wemabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye inotarisira kuwana kugadzirwa kudiki panosvika 2027.

Nezve BYD, masosi emusika anoratidza kuti vanogona kushandisa nzira ye tekinoroji inosanganisira ma cathodes ane nickel ternary (single crystal), silicon-based anodes (low expansion), uye sulfide electrolytes (composite halides). Kugona kwemasero kunogona kudarika 60 Ah, nehukuru hwesimba re400 Wh/kg uye huwandu hwesimba re800 Wh/L. Hukuru hwesimba rebhatiri, risingapiswe kana kupiswa, rinogona kudarika 280 Wh/kg. Nguva yekugadzirwa kwesimba inenge yakafanana nemusika, nekugadzirwa kudiki kunotarisirwa kusvika muna 2027 uye kusimudzirwa kwemusika kusvika muna 2030.

LG Energy Solution yakambofungidzira kuti mabhatiri e solid-state akavakirwa pa oxide-based panosvika 2028 uye mabhatiri e solid-state akavakirwa pa sulfide panosvika 2030. Chichangobva kuburitswa chinoratidza kuti LG Energy Solution ine chinangwa chekutengesa tekinoroji yemabhatiri e dry coating isati yasvika 2028, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira mabhatiri ne17%-30%.

SK Innovation inoronga kupedzisa kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri epolymer oxide composite solid-state uye mabhatiri esulfide solid-state panosvika gore ra2026, neindasitiri yakatarisana ne2028. Parizvino, vari kutanga nzvimbo yekutsvagisa mabhatiri muDaejeon, Chungcheongnam-do.

Samsung SDI ichangobva kuzivisa hurongwa hwayo hwekutanga kugadzira mabhatiri akasimba muna 2027. Chikamu chebhatiri chavanoshanda nacho chichawana simba re900 Wh/L uye chichagara kwemakore anosvika makumi maviri, zvichiita kuti 80% ichajwe mumaminitsi mapfumbamwe.

Panasonic yakashanda pamwe chete neToyota muna 2019, ichivavarira kuchinja mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro kubva padanho rekuyedza kuenda kuindasitiri. Makambani maviri aya akatangawo kambani yemabhatiri emhando yepamusoro inonzi Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Zvisinei, hapana zvimwe zvakagadziridzwa parizvino. Kunyange zvakadaro, Panasonic yakambozivisa zvirongwa muna 2023 zvekutanga kugadzira mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro gore ra2029 risati rasvika, kunyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzisina vanhu.

Nhau pfupi yapfuura dzine chekuita nekufambira mberi kweCALB munyaya dzemabhatiri emhando yepamusoro. Muchikamu chechina chegore rapfuura, CALB yakataura pamusangano wepasi rose wekudyidzana kuti mabhatiri avo emhando yepamusoro-soro achaiswa mumotokari dzemhando yepamusoro dzekunze muchikamu chechina chegore ra2024. Mabhatiri aya anogona kusvika kure kwemakiromita mazana mashanu (500 km) nekuchaja kwemaminitsi gumi, uye kure kwavo kwakanyanya kunogona kusvika makiromita chiuru (1000 km).

Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weCentral Research Institute weEVE Energy, Zhao Ruirui, akaburitsa pachena kufambira mberi kwazvino mumabhatiri e solid-state muna Chikumi wegore rino. Zvinonzi EVE Energy iri kutsvaga nzira yehunyanzvi inosanganisira sulfide ne halide solid-state electrolytes. Vanoronga kutanga mabhatiri e solid-state akazara muna 2026, vachitanga vachitarisa mota dzemagetsi dzehybrid.

Guoxuan High-Tech yakatoburitsa "Jinshi Battery," bhatiri rakazara rakasimba rinoshandisa sulfide electrolytes. Rine simba rakawanda rinosvika 350 Wh/kg, richipfuura mabhatiri makuru eternary neanopfuura 40%. Nesimba rekugadzira re2 GWh, Guoxuan High-Tech ine chinangwa chekuyedza Jinshi Battery mumotokari diki muna 2027, nechinangwa chekuburitsa huwandu hwakawanda panosvika 2030 apo indasitiri yanyatsogadzikana.

Xinwanda yakaburitsa pachena kekutanga mafambiro ari kuita mabhatiri emagetsi akazara muna Chikunguru wegore rino. Xinwanda yakati kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, inotarisira kuderedza mutengo wemabhatiri emagetsi akavakirwa papolymer kusvika pa2 yuan/Wh panosvika 2026, mutengo uri padyo nemutengo wemabhatiri echinyakare e lithium-ion. Vanoronga kugadzira mabhatiri emagetsi akazara akazara panosvika 2030.

Mukupedzisa, makambani gumi epamusoro epasi rose e lithium-ion ari kushanda nesimba kugadzira mabhatiri e solid-state uye ari kufambira mberi zvakanyanya mundima iyi. CATL inotungamira boka iri nekutarisa kwayo pazvinhu zve solid-state ne sulfide, ichivavarira kuwana simba re500 Wh/kg. Mamwe makambani akaita seBYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, naXinwanda vanewo matekinoroji avo ekugadzira mabhatiri e solid-state. Mujaho wemabhatiri e solid-state uri kuenderera mberi, uye makambani aya ari kuedza kuwana kutengeserana uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda mumakore anotevera. Kufambira mberi kunofadza uye kubudirira kunotarisirwa kuchinja indasitiri yekuchengetedza simba uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemabhatiri e solid-state.