Zatsopano Zaposachedwa mu Mabatire Olimba ndi Makampani 10 Apamwamba Padziko Lonse a Lithium-ion

Mu 2024, mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa mabatire amagetsi wayamba kuonekera. Deta ya anthu onse yomwe idatulutsidwa pa Julayi 2 ikuwonetsa kuti kukhazikitsa mabatire amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi kudafika pa 285.4 GWh kuyambira Januwale mpaka Meyi chaka chino, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa 23% chaka ndi chaka.

Makampani khumi apamwamba pamndandandawu ndi awa: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, ndi Xinwanda. Makampani a mabatire aku China akupitilizabe kukhala m'malo asanu ndi limodzi mwa khumi apamwamba.

Pakati pawo, mphamvu ya mabatire a CATL yafika pa 107 GWh, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale 37.5% ya gawo la msika, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ikhale patsogolo kwambiri. CATL ndiye kampani yokhayo padziko lonse lapansi yomwe yapitilira 100 GWh ya makina oyika. Mphamvu ya mabatire a BYD inali 44.9 GWh, yachiwiri ndi gawo la msika la 15.7%, lomwe linawonjezeka ndi 2 peresenti poyerekeza ndi miyezi iwiri yapitayo. Pankhani ya mabatire a solid-state, njira yaukadaulo ya CATL imadalira kwambiri kuphatikiza zinthu za solid-state ndi sulfide, cholinga chake ndi kupeza mphamvu ya 500 Wh/kg. Pakadali pano, CATL ikupitilizabe kuyika ndalama m'munda wa mabatire a solid-state ndipo ikuyembekeza kupanga pang'ono pofika chaka cha 2027.

Ponena za BYD, magwero amsika akusonyeza kuti angagwiritse ntchito njira yaukadaulo yokhala ndi ma cathode a nickel ternary (single crystal) cathodes, ma anode okhala ndi silicon (low expansion), ndi ma electrolyte a sulfide (composite halides). Mphamvu ya maselo imatha kupitirira 60 Ah, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 400 Wh/kg ndi volumetric energy density ya 800 Wh/L. Mphamvu ya batri pack, yomwe imapirira kubowoledwa kapena kutenthedwa, imatha kupitirira 280 Wh/kg. Nthawi yopangira zinthu zambiri ndi yofanana ndi msika, ndipo kupanga pang'ono kukuyembekezeka pofika chaka cha 2027 ndi kukwezedwa kwa msika pofika chaka cha 2030.

LG Energy Solution kale inali kuyembekezera kutulutsidwa kwa mabatire olimba okhala ndi oxide pofika chaka cha 2028 ndi mabatire olimba okhala ndi sulfide pofika chaka cha 2030. Zosintha zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti LG Energy Solution ikufuna kugulitsa ukadaulo wa mabatire ouma asanafike chaka cha 2028, zomwe zingachepetse ndalama zopangira mabatire ndi 17%-30%.

SK Innovation ikukonzekera kumaliza kupanga mabatire a polymer oxide composite solid-state ndi mabatire a sulfide solid-state pofika chaka cha 2026, ndipo cholinga cha mafakitale ndi 2028. Pakadali pano, akukhazikitsa malo ofufuzira mabatire ku Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do.

Posachedwapa Samsung SDI yalengeza za dongosolo lake loyambitsa kupanga mabatire olimba mu 2027. Gawo la batri lomwe akugwira ntchito lidzakhala ndi mphamvu ya 900 Wh/L ndipo lidzakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 20, zomwe zingathandize kuti 80% iyambe kuyitanitsa mumphindi 9.

Panasonic idagwirizana ndi Toyota mu 2019, cholinga chake ndi kusintha mabatire olimba kuchoka pa gawo loyesera kupita ku chitukuko cha mafakitale. Makampani awiriwa adakhazikitsanso kampani ya mabatire olimba yotchedwa Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Komabe, palibe zosintha zina zomwe zachitika pakadali pano. Komabe, Panasonic idalengeza kale mapulani mu 2023 oyambitsa kupanga mabatire olimba asanafike chaka cha 2029, makamaka kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto opanda anthu.

Pali nkhani zochepa zaposachedwa zokhudza kupita patsogolo kwa CALB pankhani ya mabatire olimba. Mu kotala lachinayi la chaka chatha, CALB idanena pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti mabatire awo olimba pang'ono adzayikidwa m'magalimoto apamwamba a kampani yakunja mu kotala lachinayi la 2024. Mabatirewa amatha kufika pamtunda wa makilomita 500 ndi mphamvu ya mphindi 10, ndipo kutalika kwawo kwakukulu kumatha kufika makilomita 1000.

Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa EVE Energy ku Central Research Institute, Zhao Ruirui, adavumbulutsa zomwe zachitika posachedwa pa mabatire olimba mu June chaka chino. Zanenedwa kuti EVE Energy ikutsatira njira yaukadaulo yomwe ikuphatikiza ma electrolyte olimba a sulfide ndi halide. Akukonzekera kuyambitsa mabatire olimba mu 2026, poyamba kuyang'ana kwambiri magalimoto amagetsi osakanikirana.

Guoxuan High-Tech yatulutsa kale "Jinshi Battery," batire yonse yolimba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte a sulfide. Ili ndi mphamvu yokwanira mpaka 350 Wh/kg, yoposa mabatire akuluakulu a ternary ndi zoposa 40%. Ndi mphamvu yopangira ya 2 GWh, Guoxuan High-Tech ikufuna kuchita mayeso ang'onoang'ono a batire yonse yolimba ya Jinshi mu 2027, ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa kupanga kwakukulu pofika chaka cha 2030 pamene unyolo wa mafakitale ukhazikika bwino.

Xinwanda idalengeza koyamba mwatsatanetsatane za kupita patsogolo kwa mabatire a full solid-state mu Julayi chaka chino. Xinwanda adati kudzera muukadaulo watsopano, ikuyembekeza kuchepetsa mtengo wa mabatire a solid-state okhala ndi polymer kufika pa 2 yuan/Wh pofika chaka cha 2026, zomwe ndi mtengo wofanana ndi wa mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion. Akukonzekera kupanga mabatire a full solid-state ambiri pofika chaka cha 2030.

Pomaliza, makampani khumi apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi a lithiamu-ion akupanga mabatire olimba ndipo akupita patsogolo kwambiri pankhaniyi. CATL ikutsogolera gululi chifukwa imayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zolimba ndi sulfide, cholinga chake ndi mphamvu ya 500 Wh/kg. Makampani ena monga BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, ndi Xinwanda nawonso ali ndi njira zawo zaukadaulo komanso nthawi yopangira mabatire olimba. Mpikisano wa mabatire olimba ukuchitika, ndipo makampaniwa akuyesetsa kupeza malonda ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi. Kupita patsogolo kosangalatsa ndi kupita patsogolo kukuyembekezeka kusintha makampani osungira mphamvu ndikuyendetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire olimba.