Ngā Whanaketanga Hou o ngā Pūhiko Āhua-Tokotoko nā ngā Kamupene Ritiumu-ion 10 o te Ao

I te tau 2024, kua tīmata te āhua o te whakataetae ā-ao mō ngā pākahiko hiko. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga tūmatanui i tukuna i te 2 o Hūrae kua eke te whakaurunga pākahiko hiko ā-ao ki te 285.4 GWh mai i Hānuere ki Mei o tēnei tau, he tipu 23% ia tau.

Ko ngā kamupene tekau o runga i te rarangi ko: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, me Xinwanda. Kei te noho tonu ngā kamupene pākahiko Hainamana i roto i ngā tūranga tekau e ono o runga.

I roto i ēnei, i eke te nui o ngā tāutanga pākahiko hiko a CATL ki te 107 GWh, e 37.5% o te hea mākete, e mau ana i te tūranga ārahi me te painga tino pai. Ko CATL anake te kamupene puta noa i te ao kua neke atu i te 100 GWh o ngā tāutanga. Ko te nui o ngā tāutanga pākahiko hiko a BYD ko te 44.9 GWh, ko te tuarua me te hea mākete o te 15.7%, i piki ake mā te 2 ōrau i whakaritea ki ngā marama e rua kua hipa. I roto i te mara o ngā pākahiko totoka, ko te mahere hangarau a CATL e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā rauemi totoka me te sulfide, me te whai kia eke ki te kiato pūngao o te 500 Wh/kg. I tēnei wā, kei te haere tonu a CATL ki te haumi ki te mara o ngā pākahiko totoka, ā, e tumanako ana kia eke ki te whakaputanga iti i te tau 2027.

Mō BYD, e whakaatu ana ngā puna mākete ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i tētahi mahere hangarau e tito ana i ngā cathode trinary nickel-teitei (kirihou kotahi), ngā anode e hangai ana ki te silicon (whakawhānui iti), me ngā electrolytes sulfide (halode composite). Ka taea e te kaha o te pūtau te neke atu i te 60 Ah, me te kiato pūngao motuhake-papatipu o te 400 Wh/kg me te kiato pūngao rōrahi o te 800 Wh/L. Ko te kiato pūngao o te kete pākahiko, he ātete ki te poka, ki te wera rānei, ka taea te neke atu i te 280 Wh/kg. Ko te wā o te whakaputanga papatipu he rite tonu ki te mākete, me te whakaputanga iti e tumanakohia ana i te tau 2027 me te whakatairanga mākete i te tau 2030.

I matapaetia e LG Energy Solution i mua ko te whakarewatanga o ngā pākahiko totoka-waikura i te tau 2028 me ngā pākahiko totoka-whakapūkara i te tau 2030. E whakaatu ana te whakahoutanga hou ko te whāinga a LG Energy Solution ko te hokohoko i te hangarau pākahiko paninga maroke i mua i te tau 2028, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga pākahiko mā te 17%-30%.

Kei te whakamahere a SK Innovation ki te whakaoti i te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko totoka hiato polymer oxide me ngā pākahiko totoka sulfide i te tau 2026, me te whāinga kia whakawhanakehia te ahumahi i te tau 2028. I tēnei wā, kei te whakatū rātou i tētahi pokapū rangahau pākahiko i Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do.

Nō nā tata nei i pānuitia e Samsung SDI tana mahere ki te tīmata i te hanga papatipu o ngā pākahiko totoka i te tau 2027. Ko te kaha o te pākahiko e mahihia ana e rātou ka eke ki te 900 Wh/L, ā, ka roa te ora tae atu ki te 20 tau, ka taea ai te utu i te 80% i roto i te 9 meneti.

I te tau 2019, i mahi tahi a Panasonic me Toyota, ko te whāinga he whakawhiti i ngā pākahiko totoka mai i te wāhanga whakamātautau ki te ahumahi. I whakatūria hoki e ngā kamupene e rua tētahi umanga pākahiko totoka ko Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Heoi, kāore anō kia puta he whakahoutanga i tēnei wā. Ahakoa rā, i mua i te panuitanga a Panasonic i ngā mahere i te tau 2023 ki te tīmata i te hanga pākahiko totoka i mua i te tau 2029, ko te nuinga hei whakamahi i roto i ngā waka rererangi kore tangata.

He iti noa ngā purongo hou mō te ahunga whakamua a CALB i roto i te ao o ngā pākahiko totoka. I te hauwhā tuawhā o te tau kua hipa, i kī a CALB i tētahi huihuinga hoa o te ao ka tāutahia ā rātou pākahiko haurua-totoka ki roto i ngā waka o tētahi waitohu papai o tāwāhi i te hauwhā tuawhā o te tau 2024. Ka taea e ēnei pākahiko te tae ki te tawhiti 500 km me te utunga 10 meneti, ā, ko te tawhiti mōrahi ka tae ki te 1000 km.

I te marama o Hune o tēnei tau, i whakakitea e te Kaiwhakahaere Tuarua o EVE Energy o te Central Research Institute, a Zhao Ruirui, ngā whanaketanga hou o ngā pākahiko totoka. E ai ki ngā pūrongo kei te whai a EVE Energy i tētahi mahere hangarau e whakauru ana i ngā electrolytes totoka sulfide me te halide. Kei te whakamahere rātou ki te whakarewa i ngā pākahiko totoka katoa i te tau 2026, me te arotahi tuatahi ki ngā waka hiko ranu.

Kua tukuna kētia e Guoxuan High-Tech te "Pūhiko Jinshi," he pūhiko totoka-katoa e whakamahi ana i ngā irahiko whanariki. E whakamanamana ana ki te kaha pūngao tae atu ki te 350 Wh/kg, e hipa ana i ngā pūhiko toru matua mā te neke atu i te 40%. Me te kaha whakaputa āhua-totoka-haurua o te 2 GWh, e whai ana a Guoxuan High-Tech ki te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau iti i runga i te waka o te Pūhiko Jinshi totoka-katoa i te tau 2027, me te whāinga kia tutuki te whakaputa papatipu i te tau 2030 ina tino whakapumautia te mekameka ahumahi.

I te marama o Hūrae o tēnei tau, i whakapuakina e Xinwanda tana whanaketanga tuatahi ki te marea mō ngā pākahiko totoka-katoa. I kī a Xinwanda mā te auahatanga hangarau, e tumanakohia ana kia whakaitihia te utu o ngā pākahiko totoka-pūmua ki te 2 yuan/Wh i te tau 2026, he tata ki te utu o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho. Kei te whakamahere rātou kia tutuki te whakaputanga papatipu o ngā pākahiko totoka-katoa i te tau 2030.

Hei whakamutunga, kei te kaha te whakawhanake a ngā kamupene lithium-ion tekau o te ao i ngā pākahiko totoka-āhua, ā, he nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i tēnei mara. Ko CATL te kaiārahi me tana arotahi ki ngā rauemi totoka-āhua me te sulfide, me te whai kia eke ki te kiato pūngao o te 500 Wh/kg. Ko ētahi atu kamupene pēnei i a BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, me Xinwanda, he mahere hangarau me ngā wātaka anō hoki mō te whakawhanaketanga pākahiko totoka-āhua. Kei te tīmata te whakataetae mō ngā pākahiko totoka-āhua, ā, kei te whai ēnei kamupene ki te whakatutuki i te hokohoko me te whakaputa papatipu i ngā tau e haere ake nei. E matapaetia ana ka hurihia te umanga rokiroki pūngao e ngā whanaketanga me ngā putanga whakahihiri me te akiaki i te whakamahinga whānui o ngā pākahiko totoka-āhua.