Nā Hoʻomohala Hou Loa i nā Pila Paʻa-Moʻo e nā ʻOihana Lithium-ion 10 kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua

I ka makahiki 2024, ua hoʻomaka ke ʻano o ka hoʻokūkū honua no nā pila uila. Ua hōʻike ka ʻikepili lehulehu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Iulai 2 ua hōʻea ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā pila uila honua i ka huina o 285.4 GWh mai Ianuali a Mei i kēia makahiki, e hōʻailona ana i ka ulu ʻana o 23% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻoihana he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe ma ka papa inoa: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, a me Xinwanda. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana pākahiko Kina i ka noho ʻana i ʻeono o nā kūlana he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe.

Ma waena o lākou, ua hōʻea nā hoʻonohonoho pila mana o CATL i 107 GWh, e helu ana i 37.5% o ka māhele mākeke, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ke kūlana alakaʻi me kahi pono piha. ʻO CATL wale nō ka hui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 GWh o nā hoʻonohonoho. ʻO ka nui o nā hoʻonohonoho pila mana o BYD he 44.9 GWh, e kūlana lua me ka māhele mākeke o 15.7%, i hoʻonui ʻia e 2 mau helu pakeneka i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mahina ʻelua i hala. Ma ke kahua o nā pila paʻa, hilinaʻi nui ka palapala ʻenehana a CATL i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea paʻa a me nā mea sulfide, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokō i ka nui o ka ikehu o 500 Wh/kg. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo CATL i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ma ke kahua o nā pila paʻa a manaʻo e hoʻokō i ka hana liʻiliʻi ma ka makahiki 2027.

No BYD, hōʻike nā kumu mākeke e hoʻohana paha lākou i kahi palapala ʻenehana i haku ʻia me nā cathodes ternary nickel kiʻekiʻe (crystal hoʻokahi), nā anodes silicon-based (hoʻonui haʻahaʻa), a me nā electrolytes sulfide (composite halides). Hiki i ka mana o ke kelepona ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 Ah, me ka nui o ka ikehu kikoʻī o 400 Wh/kg a me ka nui o ka ikehu volumetric o 800 Wh/L. ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu o ka pūʻolo pākahiko, ka mea e kūʻē i ka puncture a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 280 Wh/kg. ʻO ka manawa o ka hana nui ʻana ua like ia me ka mākeke, me ka hana liʻiliʻi i manaʻo ʻia e ka makahiki 2027 a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mākeke e ka makahiki 2030.

Ua wānana mua ʻo LG Energy Solution i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pila paʻa-oxide-based i ka makahiki 2028 a me nā pila paʻa-sulfide-based i ka makahiki 2030. Hōʻike ka mea hou loa e manaʻo ana ʻo LG Energy Solution e kūʻai aku i ka ʻenehana pila uhi maloʻo ma mua o 2028, hiki ke hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana pila ma 17%-30%.

Hoʻolālā ʻo SK Innovation e hoʻopau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pila polymer oxide composite solid-state a me nā pila sulfide solid-state i ka makahiki 2026, me ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana no 2028. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻokumu nei lākou i kahi kikowaena noiʻi pila ma Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do.

Ua hoʻolaha koke aku nei ʻo Samsung SDI i kāna hoʻolālā e hoʻomaka i ka hana nui ʻana o nā pila paʻa i ka makahiki 2027. ʻO ka ʻāpana pila a lākou e hana nei e hoʻokō i kahi ikehu o 900 Wh/L a he ola a hiki i 20 mau makahiki, e hiki ai ke hoʻouka ʻia he 80% i 9 mau minuke.

Ua hui pū ʻo Panasonic me Toyota i ka makahiki 2019, me ka manaʻo e hoʻololi i nā pila paʻa mai ka pae hoʻokolohua a i ka ʻoihana. Ua hoʻokumu pū nā ʻoihana ʻelua i kahi ʻoihana pila paʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea hou aʻe i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻolaha mua ʻo Panasonic i nā hoʻolālā i ka makahiki 2023 e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i nā pila paʻa ma mua o 2029, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa mokulele unmanned.

He palena wale nō nā nūhou hou e pili ana i ka holomua o CALB ma ke kahua o nā pila paʻa. I ka hapaha ʻehā o ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻōlelo ʻo CALB ma kahi ʻaha kūkā hoa honua e hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou mau pila semi-solid-state i loko o nā kaʻa o kahi hōʻailona haole hanohano i ka hapaha ʻehā o 2024. Hiki i kēia mau pila ke hoʻokō i kahi mamao o 500 km me ka hoʻouka ʻana he 10 mau minuke, a hiki i ko lākou mamao loa ke hiki i 1000 km.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Zhao Ruirui, ka Hope Luna Hoʻokele o EVE Energy o ka Central Research Institute, i nā hoʻomohala hou loa i nā pila paʻa i Iune o kēia makahiki. Ua hōʻike ʻia e alualu ana ʻo EVE Energy i kahi palapala ʻenehana e hoʻokomo pū ana i nā electrolytes paʻa sulfide a me halide. Hoʻolālā lākou e hoʻolauna i nā pila paʻa piha i ka makahiki 2026, e kālele mua ana i nā kaʻa uila hybrid.

Ua hoʻokuʻu mua ʻo Guoxuan High-Tech i ka "Jinshi Battery," kahi pākahi piha paʻa e hoʻohana ana i nā electrolytes sulfide. He nui kona ikehu a hiki i ka 350 Wh/kg, e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 40% ma mua o nā pākahi ternary maʻamau. Me ka mana hana semi-solid-state o 2 GWh, manaʻo ʻo Guoxuan High-Tech e hana i nā hoʻāʻo liʻiliʻi ma luna o ke kaʻa o ka Jinshi Battery piha paʻa i ka makahiki 2027, me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana nui ʻana ma ka makahiki 2030 i ka wā e hoʻokumu pono ʻia ai ke kaulahao ʻoihana.

Ua hana ʻo Xinwanda i kāna hōʻike mua ʻana i ka holomua o nā pila paʻa piha i Iulai o kēia makahiki. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Xinwanda ma o ka hana hou ʻenehana, manaʻo ia e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o nā pila paʻa polymer i 2 yuan/Wh ma 2026, kokoke i ke kumukūʻai o nā pila lithium-ion kuʻuna. Hoʻolālā lākou e hoʻokō i ka hana nui ʻana o nā pila paʻa piha ma 2030.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā ʻoihana lithium-ion he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe o ka honua e hoʻomohala ikaika nei i nā pila paʻa a ke holomua nui nei i kēia kahua. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo CATL i ka hui me kāna kālele ʻana i nā mea paʻa a me nā sulfide, me ka manaʻo no ka nui o ka ikehu o 500 Wh/kg. ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e like me BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, a me Xinwanda he mau palapala ʻenehana a me nā manawa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pila paʻa. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka heihei no nā pila paʻa, a ke hoʻoikaika nei kēia mau ʻoihana e hoʻokō i ke kālepa ʻana a me ka hana nui ʻana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Manaʻo ʻia nā holomua hoihoi a me nā holomua e hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu a hoʻokele i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā pila paʻa.