Sabbin Ci Gaba a Batir Mai Kyau Daga Manyan Kamfanoni 10 Na Duniya Na Lithium-ion

A shekarar 2024, gasar da ake yi a duniya game da batirin wutar lantarki ta fara bayyana. Bayanan jama'a da aka fitar a ranar 2 ga Yuli sun nuna cewa shigar da batirin wutar lantarki a duniya ya kai jimillar 285.4 GWh daga watan Janairu zuwa Mayu na wannan shekarar, wanda hakan ya nuna karuwar kashi 23% a duk shekara.

Manyan kamfanoni goma da ke cikin wannan matsayi sune: CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, da Xinwanda. Kamfanonin batirin kasar Sin suna ci gaba da rike matsayi shida daga cikin manyan goma.

Daga cikinsu, shigar da batirin wutar lantarki na CATL ya kai 107 GWh, wanda ya kai kashi 37.5% na kasuwar, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da matsayinsa na gaba da cikakken fa'ida. CATL kuma ita ce kawai kamfani a duniya da ya wuce 100 GWh na shigarwa. Shigar da batirin wutar lantarki na BYD ya kai 44.9 GWh, inda ya zo na biyu da kaso na kasuwa na 15.7%, wanda ya karu da kashi 2% idan aka kwatanta da watanni biyu da suka gabata. A fannin batirin wutar lantarki, taswirar fasaha ta CATL ta dogara ne akan haɗakar kayan ƙarfi da sulfide, da nufin cimma yawan kuzari na 500 Wh/kg. A halin yanzu, CATL ta ci gaba da saka hannun jari a fannin batirin wutar lantarki kuma tana sa ran cimma ƙananan samarwa nan da shekarar 2027.

Dangane da BYD, majiyoyin kasuwa sun nuna cewa suna iya ɗaukar taswirar fasaha wacce ta ƙunshi cathodes mai yawan nickel (lu'u-lu'u ɗaya), anodes na tushen silicon (ƙarancin faɗaɗawa), da electrolytes na sulfide (haɗaɗɗen halides). Ƙarfin tantanin halitta zai iya wuce 60 Ah, tare da yawan kuzari na musamman na 400 Wh/kg da kuma yawan kuzari na girma na 800 Wh/L. Yawan kuzari na fakitin batirin, wanda ke jure wa huda ko dumama, zai iya wuce 280 Wh/kg. Lokacin samar da taro yayi daidai da kasuwa, tare da ana sa ran samar da ƙananan girma nan da 2027 da kuma haɓaka kasuwa nan da 2030.

Kamfanin LG Energy Solution ya yi hasashen ƙaddamar da batirin solid-state mai tushen oxide nan da shekarar 2028 da kuma batirin solid-state mai tushen sulfide nan da shekarar 2030. Sabon sabuntawa ya nuna cewa LG Energy Solution na da niyyar tallata fasahar batirin busasshe kafin shekarar 2028, wanda zai iya rage farashin samar da batirin da kashi 17% zuwa 30%.

Kamfanin SK Innovation yana shirin kammala haɓaka batirin polymer oxide composite solid-state da batirin sulfide solid-state nan da shekarar 2026, tare da niyyar haɓaka masana'antu a shekarar 2028. A halin yanzu, suna kafa cibiyar bincike kan batir a Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do.

Kwanan nan Samsung SDI ta sanar da shirinta na fara samar da batirin solid-state mai yawa a shekarar 2027. Bangaren batirin da suke aiki a kai zai kai ƙarfin kuzari na 900 Wh/L kuma yana da tsawon rai har zuwa shekaru 20, wanda hakan zai ba da damar caji da kashi 80% cikin mintuna 9.

Kamfanin Panasonic ya yi aiki tare da Toyota a shekarar 2019, da nufin sauya batirin solid-state daga matakin gwaji zuwa masana'antu. Kamfanonin biyu sun kuma kafa wani kamfanin batirin solid-state mai suna Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc. Duk da haka, babu wani sabuntawa a yanzu. Duk da haka, Panasonic a baya ta sanar da shirinta a shekarar 2023 na fara samar da batirin solid-state kafin shekarar 2029, musamman don amfani da shi a cikin jiragen sama marasa matuki.

Akwai ƙarancin labarai na baya-bayan nan game da ci gaban CALB a fannin batirin solid-state. A cikin kwata na huɗu na shekarar da ta gabata, CALB ta bayyana a wani taron abokan hulɗa na duniya cewa za a sanya batirin su na semi-solid-state a cikin motocin alfarma na ƙasashen waje a kwata na huɗu na 2024. Waɗannan batirin za su iya kaiwa nisan kilomita 500 tare da caji na minti 10, kuma matsakaicin zangon su zai iya kaiwa kilomita 1000.

Mataimakin Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike ta Tsakiya ta EVE Energy, Zhao Ruirui, ya bayyana sabbin ci gaban da aka samu a cikin batirin solid-state a watan Yunin wannan shekarar. An ruwaito cewa EVE Energy tana bin tsarin fasaha wanda ya haɗa da sulfide da halide solid-state electrolytes. Suna shirin ƙaddamar da cikakken batirin solid-state a shekarar 2026, da farko suna mai da hankali kan motocin lantarki masu haɗaka.

Guoxuan High-Tech ta riga ta fitar da "Battery na Jinshi," cikakken batirin da ke amfani da electrolytes na sulfide. Tana da ƙarfin kuzari har zuwa 350 Wh/kg, wanda ya zarce batirin ternary na yau da kullun da fiye da 40%. Tare da ƙarfin samar da ƙarfin 2 GWh na semi-solid, Guoxuan High-Tech yana da niyyar gudanar da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje a kan abin hawa na cikakken Batirin Jinshi mai solid a cikin 2027, tare da burin cimma yawan samarwa nan da 2030 lokacin da sarkar masana'antu ta kafu sosai.

Xiwanda ya bayyana ci gabansa a karon farko a bainar jama'a game da cikakken ci gaban batirin solid-state a watan Yuli na wannan shekarar. Xiwanda ya bayyana cewa ta hanyar kirkire-kirkire na fasaha, yana sa ran rage farashin batirin solid-state mai tushen polymer zuwa yuan 2/Wh nan da shekarar 2026, wanda ya yi daidai da farashin batirin lithium-ion na gargajiya. Suna shirin cimma samar da cikakken batirin solid-state mai yawa nan da shekarar 2030.

A ƙarshe, manyan kamfanonin lithium-ion guda goma na duniya suna haɓaka batirin solid-state kuma suna samun ci gaba mai mahimmanci a wannan fanni. CATL ce ke kan gaba a cikin wannan rukunin tare da mai da hankali kan kayan solid-state da sulfide, suna da nufin samun ƙarfin kuzari na 500 Wh/kg. Sauran kamfanoni kamar BYD, LG Energy Solution, SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, CALB, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High-Tech, da Xinwanda suma suna da taswirar fasaha da jadawalin lokaci don haɓaka batirin solid-state. Gasar batirin solid-state tana kan gaba, kuma waɗannan kamfanoni suna ƙoƙarin cimma kasuwanci da samar da kayayyaki da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ana sa ran ci gaba mai ban sha'awa da ci gaba za su kawo sauyi ga masana'antar adana makamashi da kuma haifar da karɓar batirin solid-state sosai.