I-inverter yaseShayina ikhuphuke kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe

Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-photovoltaic, i-inverter ye-photovoltaic ayinayo nje kuphela umsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwe-DC/AC, kodwa futhi inomsebenzi wokukhulisa ukusebenza kweseli yelanga kanye nomsebenzi wokuvikela amaphutha esistimu, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesistimu ye-solar photovoltaic.

Ngo-2003, i-Sungrow Power, eholwa nguCao Renxian, inhloko yekolishi, yethule i-inverter yokuqala yaseShayina ene-10kW grid exhunywe nge-photovoltaic enamalungelo obunikazi obuzimele. Kodwa kuze kube ngu-2009, kwakunezinkampani ezimbalwa kakhulu ze-inverter ezazikhiqizwa eShayina, futhi inani elikhulu lemishini lalincike ekungenisweni kwempahla. Inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yaphesheya kwezilwandle efana ne-Emerson, i-SMA, i-Siemens, i-Schneider kanye ne-ABB yayihlonishwa kakhulu.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, imboni ye-inverter yaseShayina ifinyelele ukukhuphuka okukhulu. Ngo-2010, ama-inverter e-photovoltaic ayi-10 aphezulu emhlabeni ayebuswa yimikhiqizo yaseYurophu naseMelika. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2021, ngokusho kwedatha yokubeka isabelo semakethe ye-inverter, amabhizinisi e-inverter aseShayina abekwe phakathi kwaphezulu emhlabeni.

NgoJuni 2022, i-IHS Markit, isikhungo socwaningo esinegunya emhlabeni wonke, yashicilela uhlu lokubeka izinga lemakethe ye-inverter ye-PV yomhlaba wonke ka-2021. Kulolu hlu, izinga lezinkampani ze-inverter ze-PV zaseShayina liye lashintsha kakhulu.

Kusukela ngo-2015, i-Sungrow Power ne-Huawei bebelokhu behamba phambili kokubili ekuthunyelweni kwe-PV inverter emhlabeni wonke. Ndawonye, ​​​​zingaphezu kuka-40% wemakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba wonke. I-SMA yebhizinisi laseJalimane, ebibhekwa njengesilinganiso sezinkampani ze-PV inverter zaseShayina emlandweni, yehle kakhulu ekubekweni kwemakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba wonke ngo-2021, isuka endaweni yesithathu iye endaweni yesihlanu. Futhi i-Jinlang Technology, inkampani yesikhombisa yaseShayina ye-photovoltaic inverter ngo-2020, yadlula inkampani endala ye-inverter futhi yakhushulelwa “ezinkanyezini ezintathu eziphuma phambili” emhlabeni.

Amabhizinisi e-inverter e-photovoltaic aseShayina ekugcineni abe amathathu aphezulu emhlabeni, akha isizukulwane esisha sephethini "ye-tripod". Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi be-inverter abamelelwe yiJinlang, iGuriwat kanye neGoodway basheshise isivinini sabo sokuya olwandle futhi basetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu, e-United States, eLatin America nakwezinye izimakethe; Abakhiqizi baphesheya kwezilwandle njenge-SMA, PE kanye ne-SolerEdge basabambelele ezimakethe zesifunda ezifana ne-Europe, i-United States kanye ne-Brazil, kodwa isabelo semakethe sehle kakhulu.

Ukuphakama okusheshayo

Ngaphambi kuka-2012, ngenxa yokuqubuka kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwamandla afakiwe, imakethe ye-photovoltaic inverter ibilokhu ibuswa amabhizinisi aseYurophu. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-German inverter enterprise SMA yayibalelwa ku-22% wesabelo semakethe ye-inverter yomhlaba wonke. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amabhizinisi aseShayina asungulwe ekuqaleni asebenzisa leli thuba futhi aqala ukuvela esiteji samazwe ngamazwe. Ngemuva kuka-2011, imakethe ye-photovoltaic eYurophu yaqala ukushintsha, futhi izimakethe e-Australia naseNyakatho Melika zaqala ukugqashuka. Amabhizinisi ase-inverter asekhaya nawo alandela ngokushesha. Kubikwa ukuthi ngo-2012, amabhizinisi aseShayina inverter ayebalelwa ku-50% wesabelo semakethe e-Australia ngenzuzo yokusebenza okuphezulu.

Kusukela ngo-2013, uhulumeni waseShayina ukhiphe inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi esezingeni elifanele, futhi amaphrojekthi asekhaya aqaliswe ngokulandelana. Imakethe ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina ingene emzileni osheshayo wentuthuko, futhi kancane kancane yathatha indawo yeYurophu njengemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic emhlabeni. Kulesi simo, ukunikezwa kwama-inverter aphakathi akutholakali kalula, futhi isabelo semakethe sasiseduze nama-90%. Okwamanje, iHuawei inqume ukungena emakethe nge-inverter yochungechunge, engabhekwa “njengokuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili” kwemakethe yoLwandle Olubomvu kanye nemikhiqizo eyinhloko.

Ukungena kweHuawei emkhakheni wama-inverter e-photovoltaic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kugxile emathubeni entuthuko abanzi embonini ye-photovoltaic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-inverter kufana nebhizinisi lemishini yokuxhumana "yasebhange elidala" le-Huawei kanye nebhizinisi lokuphatha amandla. Ingakopisha ngokushesha izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokufuduka kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, ingenise abahlinzeki abakhona, inciphise kakhulu izindleko zocwaningo lwe-inverter kanye nentuthuko kanye nokuthengwa, futhi yakhe ngokushesha izinzuzo.

Ngo-2015, iHuawei yabekwa endaweni yokuqala emakethe ye-PV inverter yomhlaba wonke, kanti iSungrow Power nayo yadlula i-SMA okokuqala. Kuze kube manje, i-inverter ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina ekugcineni iwine izikhundla ezimbili eziphezulu emhlabeni futhi yaqeda umdlalo we-"inverter".

Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2018, abakhiqizi be-inverter be-PV basekhaya baqhubeka nokukhuphuka, futhi bathatha imakethe ngokushesha ngezinzuzo zamanani. Isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi be-inverter baphesheya kwezilwandle abakudala saqhubeka nokuthinteka. Emkhakheni wamandla amancane, i-SolarEdge, i-Enphase kanye nabanye abakhiqizi be-inverter abasezingeni eliphezulu basengakwazi ukuthatha isabelo esithile semakethe ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo zomkhiqizo kanye neziteshi, kuyilapho emakethe yeziteshi ezinkulu zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezinomncintiswano omkhulu wamanani, isabelo semakethe sabakhiqizi be-inverter baseYurophu naseJapan abadala njenge-SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron njalonjalo siyancipha.

Ngemva kuka-2018, abanye abakhiqizi be-inverter baphesheya baqala ukuhoxa ebhizinisini le-inverter ye-PV. Kwabakhulukazi bakagesi, ama-inverter e-photovoltaic ayingxenye encane ebhizinisini labo. I-ABB, i-Schneider kanye nabanye abakhiqizi be-inverter nabo bahoxile ngokulandelana ebhizinisini le-inverter.

Abakhiqizi be-inverter baseShayina baqala ukusheshisa ukuhlelwa kwezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngomhlaka-27 Julayi 2018, i-Sungrow Power yasebenzisa isisekelo sokukhiqiza i-inverter esinamandla afinyelela ku-3GW eNdiya. Kwathi ngomhlaka-27 Agasti, yasungula isikhungo sesevisi esibanzi sendawo e-United States ukuze iqinise amakhono okugcina impahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinsizakalo zangemva kokuthengisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Huawei, i-Shangneng, i-Guriwat, i-Jinlang, i-Goodway kanye nabanye abakhiqizi baqhubeke nokuqinisa nokwandisa ukwakheka kwabo kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo efana ne-Sanjing Electric, i-Shouhang New Energy kanye ne-Mosuo Power yaqala ukufuna amathuba amasha kwamanye amazwe.

Uma sibheka iphethini yemakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle, amabhizinisi omkhiqizo kanye namakhasimende emakethe yamanje asefinyelele ibhalansi ethile ekuhlinzekeni nasekudingweni, kanti iphethini yemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe nayo iqine kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa zisabheke ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo futhi zingafuna impumelelo ethile. Intuthuko eqhubekayo yezimakethe ezisafufusa zaphesheya kwezilwandle izoletha ugqozi olusha emabhizinisini aseShayina angenawo ugesi.

Kusukela ngo-2016, abakhiqizi be-inverter baseShayina bathathe isikhundla esiphambili emakethe ye-inverter ye-photovoltaic emhlabeni. Izici ezimbili zokusungula ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kuholele ekwehleni okusheshayo kwezindleko zazo zonke izixhumanisi zochungechunge lwemboni ye-PV, futhi izindleko zohlelo lwe-PV zehle ngaphezu kuka-90% eminyakeni eyi-10. Njengemishini eyinhloko yohlelo lwe-PV, izindleko ze-inverter ye-PV nge-watt ziye zehla kancane kancane eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, kusukela ngaphezu kwe-yuan/W eyi-1 esigabeni sokuqala kuya cishe ku-0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan/W ngo-2021, futhi cishe ku-1/10 yalokho eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.

Sheshisa ukuhlukaniswa

Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaic, abakhiqizi be-inverter bagxile ekunciphiseni izindleko zemishini, ukwenza ngcono ukulandelela amandla, kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza, i-inverter ihlanganise imisebenzi eminingi, njengokuvikelwa nokulungiswa kwe-PID yengxenye, ukuhlanganiswa nokusekelwa kokulandelela, uhlelo lokuhlanza kanye neminye imishini yangaphandle, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesiteshi samandla se-photovoltaic sonke nokuqinisekisa ukwandiswa kwemali engenayo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwama-inverter bezilokhu zanda, futhi kudingeka abhekane nezimo ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi zezwe kanye nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengokushisa okuphezulu kwasehlane, umswakama ophezulu ogwini kanye nenkungu kasawoti ephezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-inverter idinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo zokushabalalisa ukushisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, idinga ukuthuthukisa izinga layo lokuvikela ukuze ibhekane nesimo esinzima, ngokungangabazeki ebeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zomklamo wesakhiwo se-inverter kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ngaphansi kwesizinda sezidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle okuvela kubathuthukisi, imboni ye-photovoltaic inverter ithuthuka ibheke ekuthembekeni okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Ukuncintisana okukhulu kwemakethe kulethe ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2010 noma ngaphezulu, i-topology yesekethe eyinhloko ye-inverter ye-PV yayiyisekethe enamazinga amabili, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okungaba ngu-97%. Namuhla, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwama-inverter abakhiqizi abajwayelekile emhlabeni ngokuvamile kudlule u-99%, kanti umgomo olandelayo ngu-99.5%. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, amamojula e-photovoltaic aqalise amamojula anamandla aphezulu asekelwe kusayizi we-silicon chip ongu-182mm no-210mm. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwengxenye yonyaka, izinkampani eziningi ezifana neHuawei, iSungrow Power, iTBEA, iKehua Digital Energy, iHewang, iGuriwat, kanye neJinlang Technology zilandele ngokushesha nangokulandelanayo zethula ama-inverter anamandla aphezulu afana nawo.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Photovoltaic Industry Association, njengamanje, imakethe ye-inverter ye-PV yasekhaya isaphethwe yi-inverter yezintambo kanye ne-inverter ephakathi, kuyilapho amanye ama-inverter amancane nasatshalaliswayo ebalelwa engxenyeni encane kakhulu. Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic esatshalaliswa kanye nokwanda kwengxenye yama-inverter ezintambo eziteshini zamandla ze-photovoltaic eziphakathi, ingxenye iyonke yama-inverter ezintambo ikhuphuke unyaka nonyaka, idlula u-60% ngo-2020, kanti ingxenye yama-inverter aphakathi ingaphansi kuka-30%. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-inverter ochungechunge eziteshini zamandla ezinkulu zomhlaba, isabelo sawo semakethe sizokhula kakhulu.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo semakethe ye-inverter, ukwakheka kwabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene kukhombisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla elanga kanye nemikhiqizo ye-SMA kuqediwe, futhi kukhona amabhizinisi e-inverter ahlanganisiwe kanye namabhizinisi e-inverter achungechunge. I-Power Electronics kanye ne-Shangneng Electric zisebenzisa kakhulu ama-inverter ahlanganisiwe. I-Huawei, i-SolarEdge, i-Jinlang Technology kanye ne-Goodway zonke zisekelwe kuma-inverter ezintambo, lapho imikhiqizo ye-Huawei ikakhulukazi iyi-inverter enkulu yezintambo zeziteshi zamandla ezinkulu zomhlaba kanye nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zezimboni nezentengiselwano, kanti ezintathu zokugcina zingezemakethe yasekhaya. I-Emphase, i-Hemai kanye ne-Yuneng Technology zisebenzisa kakhulu ama-inverter amancane.

Emakethe yomhlaba wonke, ama-inverter angochungechunge kanye naphakathi yiwona ayinhloko. E-China, isabelo semakethe se-inverter ehlanganisiwe kanye ne-inverter yochungechunge sizinzile ngaphezu kuka-90%.

Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-inverter kuzohlukahluka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zamandla ze-photovoltaic ziyahlukahluka, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezifana nogwadule, ulwandle, uphahla olusatshalaliswe, kanye ne-BIPV ziyanda, ngezidingo ezahlukene zama-inverter. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwama-elekthronikhi kagesi, izingxenye kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokuhlanganiswa ne-AI, i-big data, i-inthanethi kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, nakho kuqhubekisela phambili intuthuko eqhubekayo yomkhakha we-inverter. I-inverter ithuthukela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu, ezingeni eliphezulu lamandla, i-DC voltage ephezulu, ehlakaniphile kakhulu, ephephile, evumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinamandla, kanye nokusebenza nokugcinwa okunobungane kakhudlwana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni, izinga lokungena kwe-PV liyakhula, futhi i-inverter idinga ukuba namandla okusekela igridi aqinile ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo kokuthumela kwegridi yamanje ebuthakathaka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-optical, ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-optical kanye nokushaja, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ye-photovoltaic kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nezihlanganisiwe nazo zizoba yindlela ebalulekile kancane kancane, futhi i-inverter izoletha isikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa.