I-inverter yaseTshayina inyuke kakhulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe

Njengenye yezona zinto ziphambili zenkqubo ye-photovoltaic, i-inverter ye-photovoltaic ayinayo nje kuphela umsebenzi wokuguqula i-DC/AC, kodwa ikwanomsebenzi wokwandisa ukusebenza kweseli yelanga kunye nomsebenzi wokukhusela iimpazamo zenkqubo, ochaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kwenkqubo ye-solar photovoltaic.

Ngowama-2003, iSungrow Power, ekhokelwa nguCao Renxian, intloko yekholeji, yaqalisa i-inverter yokuqala yaseTshayina ye-10kW eqhagamshelwe kwigridi ene-invoyisi ezimeleyo. Kodwa kude kube ngu-2009, bekukho amashishini ambalwa kakhulu e-inverter avelisayo eTshayina, kwaye inani elikhulu lezixhobo lixhomekeke ekungenisweni kwezixhobo. Inani elikhulu leempawu zaphesheya ezifana ne-Emerson, i-SMA, i-Siemens, i-Schneider kunye ne-ABB zazihlonitshwa kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ishishini le-inverter laseTshayina lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngowama-2010, ii-inverter ezili-10 eziphezulu ze-photovoltaic kwihlabathi zazilawulwa ziimpawu zaseYurophu naseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2021, ngokwedatha yokubeka isabelo semarike ye-inverter, amashishini e-inverter aseTshayina abekwe phakathi kwawona aphezulu kwihlabathi.

NgoJuni ka-2022, i-IHS Markit, iziko lophando elinegunya kwihlabathi liphela, lapapasha uluhlu lokubeka imarike ye-inverter ye-PV yehlabathi ka-2021. Kolu luhlu, ukubekwa kwezikhundla kwamashishini e-inverter ye-PV aseTshayina kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu.

Ukususela ngo-2015, iSungrow Power kunye neHuawei bezizimbini eziphambili kwiimpahla ze-PV ezithunyelwa kwihlabathi liphela. Zizonke, zibiza ngaphezulu kwe-40% yemarike ye-inverter yehlabathi. I-SMA yeshishini laseJamani, ebithathwa njengophawu lweshishini le-PV eTshayina kwimbali, yehla ngakumbi kuluhlu lwemarike ye-inverter yehlabathi ngo-2021, ukusuka kwindawo yesithathu ukuya kweyesihlanu. Kwaye iJinlang Technology, inkampani yesixhenxe yaseTshayina ye-photovoltaic inverter ngo-2020, idlule inkampani endala ye-inverter kwaye yanyuselwa "kwiinkwenkwezi ezikhulayo" ezintathu eziphezulu kwihlabathi.

Amashishini e-inverter e-photovoltaic aseTshayina ekugqibeleni abe ngamaqela amathathu aphezulu kwihlabathi, enza isizukulwana esitsha sepateni "yee-tripod". Ukongeza, abavelisi be-inverter abamelwe yiJinlang, iGuriwat kunye neGoodway bakhawulezise isantya sabo sokuya elwandle kwaye basetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, eMelika, eLatin America nakwezinye iimarike; Abavelisi baphesheya kwezilwandle abafana ne-SMA, PE kunye neSolerEdge basabambelele kwiimarike zengingqi ezifana neYurophu, eMelika naseBrazil, kodwa isabelo semarike sehle kakhulu.

Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza

Ngaphambi kowama-2012, ngenxa yokuqhambuka kwemarike ye-photovoltaic eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe kunye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwamandla afakiweyo, imakethi ye-photovoltaic inverter ibilawulwa ngamashishini aseYurophu. Ngelo xesha, i-SMA ye-inverter yaseJamani yayine-22% yesabelo semarike ye-inverter yehlabathi. Ngeli xesha, amashishini aseTshayina asekwe ekuqaleni asebenzisa eli thuba aza aqala ukuvela kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Emva kowama-2011, imakethi ye-photovoltaic eYurophu yaqala ukutshintsha, kwaye iimakethi e-Australia naseMntla Melika zaqhambuka. Amashishini e-inverter asekhaya nawo alandela ngokukhawuleza. Kubikwa ukuba ngo-2012, amashishini e-inverter aseTshayina ayene-50% yesabelo semarike e-Australia ngenzuzo yokusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukususela ngo-2013, urhulumente waseTshayina ukhuphe umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso lombane olinganiselweyo, kwaye iiprojekthi zasekhaya ziye zaqaliswa ngokulandelelana. Imarike ye-photovoltaic yaseTshayina ingene kwindlela yophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye kancinci kancinci yathatha indawo yeYurophu njengemarike enkulu yokufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic kwihlabathi. Kule meko, ukunikezelwa kwee-inverters eziphakathi akufumaneki, kwaye isabelo semarike sasikufutshane ne-90%. Okwangoku, iHuawei igqibe ekubeni ingene kwimarike nge-series inverter, enokuthathwa njenge-"double inversion" yemarike yoLwandle oluBomvu kunye neemveliso eziphambili.

Ukungena kweHuawei kwicandelo le-photovoltaic inverters, kwelinye icala, kugxile kumathemba ophuhliso olubanzi lweshishini le-photovoltaic. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwenziwa kwe-inverter kufana neshishini lezixhobo zonxibelelwano "zebhanki endala" yeHuawei kunye neshishini lolawulo lwamandla. Ingakopa ngokukhawuleza iingenelo zobuchwepheshe bokufuduka kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela, ingenise ababoneleli abakhoyo, inciphise kakhulu iindleko zophando lwe-inverter kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuthengwa, kwaye ikhawuleze yakhe iingenelo.

Ngowama-2015, iHuawei yayikwindawo yokuqala kwimarike ye-PV inverter yehlabathi, kwaye iSungrow Power nayo yadlula i-SMA okokuqala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-inverter ye-photovoltaic yaseTshayina ekugqibeleni iphumelele kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili zehlabathi kwaye igqibezele umdlalo we-"inverter".

Ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2018, abavelisi be-inverter ye-PV yasekhaya baqhubeka nokunyuka, baza bathatha imarike ngokukhawuleza ngeenzuzo zamaxabiso. Isabelo semarike sabavelisi be-inverter bamanye amazwe abakudala saqhubeka nokuchaphazeleka. Kwicandelo lamandla amancinci, iSolarEdge, i-Enphase kunye nabanye abavelisi be-inverter abakumgangatho ophezulu basenokuhlala kwisabelo esithile semarike ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo zebhrendi kunye netshaneli, ngelixa kwimarike yezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezinkulu ezinokhuphiswano olukhulu lwamaxabiso, isabelo semarike sabavelisi be-inverter bakudala baseYurophu naseJapan abanjengo-SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron njalo njalo siyancipha.

Emva kowama-2018, abanye abavelisi be-inverter baphesheya baqala ukurhoxa kwishishini le-inverter ye-PV. Kwizikhulu zombane ezinkulu, ii-inverter ze-photovoltaic zithatha isiqingatha esincinci kwishishini labo. I-ABB, iSchneider kunye nabanye abavelisi be-inverter nabo baye barhoxa ngokulandelelana kwishishini le-inverter.

Abavelisi be-inverter baseTshayina baqala ukukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lweemarike zaphesheya. Ngomhla wama-27 kuJulayi, ngo-2018, iSungrow Power yasebenzisa isiseko sokuvelisa i-inverter esinomthamo ofikelela kwi-3GW eIndiya. Emva koko, ngomhla wama-27 ku-Agasti, yaseka iziko lenkonzo elibanzi lasekuhlaleni eMelika ukuqinisa amandla okugcina izinto phesheya kunye neenkonzo zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa. Kwangaxeshanye, iHuawei, iShangneng, iGuriwat, iJinlang, iGoodway kunye nabanye abavelisi baye bathatha inyathelo lokudibanisa nokwandisa ulwakhiwo lwabo lwaphesheya. Kwangaxeshanye, iimpawu ezifana neSanjing Electric, iShouhang New Energy kunye neMosuo Power zaqala ukufuna amathuba amatsha phesheya.

Ngenxa yendlela yokuthengisa kwamanye amazwe, amashishini kunye nabathengi abakwimarike yangoku ngokusisiseko bafikelele kwibhalansi ethile ekunikezelweni nasekufuneni, kwaye nendlela yokuthengisa kwamanye amazwe nayo iqine ngokusisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimarike ezisakhulayo zisakwicala lophuhliso olusebenzayo kwaye zinokufuna impumelelo ethile. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweemarike ezisakhulayo kwamanye amazwe luya kuzisa impembelelo entsha kumashishini aseTshayina atshintshayo.

Ukususela ngo-2016, abavelisi be-inverter baseTshayina bathathe indawo ephambili kwimarike yehlabathi ye-inverter ye-photovoltaic. Izinto ezimbini zobuchule bobuchwephesha kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu ziye zabangela ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kweendleko zazo zonke iikhonkco zekhonkco leshishini le-PV, kwaye ixabiso lenkqubo ye-PV liye lehla ngaphezulu kwe-90% kwiminyaka eli-10. Njengesixhobo esiphambili senkqubo ye-PV, ixabiso le-inverter ye-PV nge-watt liye lehla kancinci kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo, ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-1 yuan/W kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuya malunga ne-0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan/W ngo-2021, kwaye ukuya malunga ne-1/10 yaloo minyaka ili-10 eyadlulayo.

Khawulezisa ukwahlulwahlulwa

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwe-photovoltaic, abavelisi be-inverter bagxile ekunciphiseni iindleko zezixhobo, ukuphucula ukulandelela amandla aphezulu, kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenzayo ngakumbi. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kwesicelo senkqubo, i-inverter idibanise imisebenzi emininzi, efana nokukhusela nokulungisa i-PID yecandelo, ukudibanisa nenkxaso yokulandelela, inkqubo yokucoca kunye nezinye izixhobo ezingaphandle, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic sonke kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwengeniso yokuvelisa umbane.

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwee-inverters ziye zanda, kwaye kufuneka zijongane neendawo ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo zejografi kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu, njengobushushu obuphezulu basentlango, ukufuma okuphezulu kolwandle kunye nenkungu enetyuwa eninzi. Kwelinye icala, i-inverter kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zayo zokusasaza ubushushu, kwelinye icala, kufuneka iphucule inqanaba layo lokhuseleko ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nemeko-bume enzima, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ebeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zoyilo lwesakhiwo se-inverter kunye netekhnoloji yezinto.

Phantsi kwemvelaphi yeemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wokuveliswa kombane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuvela kubaphuhlisi, ishishini le-photovoltaic inverter liphuhlisa lijolise ekuthembekeni okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kunye neendleko eziphantsi.

Ukhuphiswano olukhulu lwemarike luzise uphuculo oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji. Ngowama-2010 okanye ngaphezulu, i-topology ephambili yesekethe ye-PV inverter yayiyisekethe enamanqanaba amabini, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa okumalunga nama-97%. Namhlanje, ukusebenza okuphezulu kwee-inverters zabavelisi abaphambili kwihlabathi ngokubanzi kudlule i-99%, kwaye ujoliso olulandelayo yi-99.5%. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sowama-2020, iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ziqalise iimodyuli zamandla aphezulu ezisekwe kubukhulu beetshiphusi ze-silicon ze-182mm kunye ne-210mm. Kwisithuba esingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sonyaka, amashishini amaninzi afana neHuawei, iSungrow Power, iTBEA, iKehua Digital Energy, iHewang, iGuriwat, kunye neJinlang Technology zilandele ngokukhawuleza nangokulandeleleneyo ukuqalisa ii-inverters zamandla aphezulu ezihambelana nazo.

Ngokwedatha ye-China Photovoltaic Industry Association, okwangoku, imakethi ye-inverter ye-PV yasekhaya isalawulwa yi-string inverter kunye ne-centralized inverter, ngelixa ezinye ii-inverters ezincinci nezisasazwayo zithatha umlinganiselo omncinci. Ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemakethi ye-photovoltaic esasazwayo kunye nokwanda kwenani le-string inverters kwizikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic eziphakathi, umlinganiselo uwonke wee-string inverters unyuke unyaka nonyaka, udlula i-60% ngo-2020, ngelixa umlinganiselo wee-centralized inverters ungaphantsi kwe-30%. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwee-series inverters kwizikhululo zamandla ezinkulu zomhlaba, isabelo sabo semarike siya kunyuka ngakumbi.

Ngokwembono yesakhiwo semarike ye-inverter, uyilo lwabavelisi abahlukeneyo lubonisa ukuba umbane welanga kunye neemveliso ze-SMA zigqityiwe, kwaye kukho amashishini e-inverter aphakathi kunye namashishini e-inverter ahlukeneyo. I-Power Electronics kunye ne-Shangneng Electric zisebenzisa ikakhulu ii-inverters eziphakathi. I-Huawei, i-SolarEdge, i-Jinlang Technology kunye ne-Goodway zonke zisekelwe kwii-inverters zentambo, apho iimveliso ze-Huawei ikakhulu zii-inverters zentambo ezinkulu zezikhululo zamandla zomhlaba ezinkulu kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo, ngelixa ezintathu zokugqibela zisetyenziselwa kakhulu imakethi yasekhaya. I-Emphase, i-Hemai kunye ne-Yuneng Technology zisebenzisa ikakhulu ii-inverters ezincinci.

Kwimarike yehlabathi, ii-inverters ezisebenzisa uthotho kunye nee-centralized zezona ntlobo ziphambili. E-China, isabelo semarike se-centralized inverter kunye nee-series inverter sizinzile ngaphezulu kwe-90%.

Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lwee-inverters luya kwahlulwa-hlulwa. Kwelinye icala, iintlobo zezicelo zezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ziyahlukahluka, kwaye izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nentlango, ulwandle, uphahla olusasazekileyo, kunye ne-BIPV ziyanda, kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zee-inverters. Kwelinye icala, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-elektroniki yamandla, izinto kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji ezintsha, kunye nokuhlanganiswa ne-AI, i-big data, i-Intanethi kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji, nazo ziqhuba inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kushishino lwe-inverter. I-inverter iphuhlisa ukusebenza kakuhle, inqanaba lamandla aphezulu, i-DC voltage ephezulu, ikrelekrele ngakumbi, ikhuselekile ngakumbi, ilungelelaniso oluqinileyo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa okunobuhlobo ngakumbi.

Ukongeza, ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwihlabathi liphela, izinga lokungena kwe-PV liyanda, kwaye i-inverter kufuneka ibe namandla okuxhasa igridi ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kokuthunyelwa kwegridi yamandla abuthathaka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo yokugcina i-optical, ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo yokugcina i-optical kunye nokutshaja, ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen ye-photovoltaic kunye nezinye izicelo ezintsha nezidibeneyo nazo ziya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo kancinci kancinci, kwaye i-inverter iya kungenisa indawo enkulu yophuhliso.