Inverter yeChina yakwira zvakanyanya mumusika wepasi rose

Sechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zve photovoltaic system, inverter ye photovoltaic haina basa rekushandura DC/AC chete, asiwo ine basa rekuwedzera mashandiro e solar cell uye basa rekudzivirira kukanganisa kwe system, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro ekugadzira magetsi e solar photovoltaic system.

Muna 2003, Sungrow Power, ichitungamirwa naCao Renxian, mukuru wekoreji, yakatanga inverter yekutanga yeChina ye 10kW grid-connected photovoltaic ine kodzero dzepfuma dzepfungwa dzakazvimiririra. Asi kusvika muna 2009, kwaive nemabhizinesi mashoma einverter ari kugadzirwa muChina, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemidziyo hwaienderana nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Nhamba huru yemhando dzekunze dzakadai seEmerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider naABB dzairemekedzwa zvikuru.

Mumakore gumi apfuura, indasitiri yeinverter yeChina yakawedzera kukwira. Muna 2010, mainverter gumi epamusoro e photovoltaic pasi rose aive akatongwa nemarudzi ekuEurope neAmerica. Zvisinei, panosvika 2021, zvichienderana nedata renzvimbo yemusika weinverter, mabhizinesi einverter ekuChina aive pakati peakanakisa pasi rose.

Muna Chikumi 2022, IHS Markit, sangano repasi rose rekutsvaga rine mvumo, rakaburitsa runyorwa rwekurongeka kwemusika wepasi rose wePV inverter muna 2021. Mune runyorwa urwu, kurongeka kwemakambani eChinese PV inverter kwave kuchinjwa zvakanyanya.

Kubva mugore ra2015, Sungrow Power neHuawei ndivo vari vaviri vepamusoro mukutumira maPV inverter pasi rose. Pamwe chete, vanosvika 40% yemusika wepasi rose weinverter. Kambani yeGerman SMA, iyo yave ichionekwa sechiyero chemakambani ePV inverter eChina munhoroondo, yakaramba ichiderera mumusika wepasi rose weinverter muna 2021, kubva pachitatu kusvika pachishanu. Uye Jinlang Technology, kambani yechinomwe yeChinese photovoltaic inverter muna 2020, yakapfuura kambani yekare yeinverter uye yakakwidziridzwa kuva "nyeredzi nhatu dzepamusoro" pasi rose.

Makambani eChina ekugadzira magetsi ezuva nezuva (photovoltaic inverter) ave matatu epamusoro pasi rose, vachiumba chizvarwa chitsva che "tripod pattern". Pamusoro pezvo, vagadziri vemagetsi ezuva nezuva vanomiririrwa naJinlang, Guriwat naGoodway vakawedzera kumhanya kwavo kwekuenda kugungwa uye vanoshandiswa zvakanyanya muEurope, United States, Latin America nedzimwe misika; Vagadziri vekunze kwenyika vakaita seSMA, PE naSolerEdge vachiri kutevedzera misika yemuno yakaita seEurope, United States neBrazil, asi mugove wemusika wadzikira zvakanyanya.

Kukwira nekukurumidza

Gore ra2012 risati rasvika, nekuda kwekukura kwemusika wemagetsi ezuva nezuva muEurope nemuUnited States nedzimwe nyika uye kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwesimba rakaiswa, musika wemagetsi ezuva nezuva waitungamirwa nemabhizinesi ekuEurope. Panguva iyoyo, kambani yemagetsi yeGerman SMA yaive ne22% yemusika wemagetsi ezuva nezuva. Munguva iyi, makambani ekutanga emagetsi ezuva nezuva muChina akashandisa mukana uyu ndokutanga kubuda padanho repasi rose. Mushure megore ra2011, musika wemagetsi ezuva nezuva muEurope wakatanga kuchinja, uye misika muAustralia neNorth America yakatanga. Makambani emagetsi emuno akateverawo nekukurumidza. Zvinonzi muna 2012, makambani emagetsi eChina aive neanopfuura 50% yemusika muAustralia nerubatsiro rwekushanda kwakakwira.

Kubva mugore ra2013, hurumende yeChina yakaburitsa mutemo wemutengo wemagetsi, uye mapurojekiti emuno akatanga kutevedzana. Musika wemagetsi ezuva nezuva weChina wapinda munzira yekukurumidza yekuvandudza, uye zvishoma nezvishoma wakatsiva Europe semusika mukuru wekuisa magetsi ezuva nezuva pasi rose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kuwanikwa kwema inverters ari pakati nepakati kuri kushomeka, uye mugove wemusika waimbova pedyo ne90%. Parizvino, Huawei yakasarudza kupinda mumusika ne inverter yakatevedzana, iyo inogona kuonekwa se "double inversion" yemusika weRed Sea nezvigadzirwa zvikuru.

Kupinda kweHuawei mubasa rema inverters e photovoltaic, kune rumwe rutivi, kwakatarisana netarisiro yakakura yekukura kweindasitiri ye photovoltaic. Panguva imwe chete, kugadzira ma inverter kwakafanana nebhizinesi re Huawei re "bhangi rekare" rekutaurirana nebhizinesi rekutonga simba. Inogona kutevedzera nekukurumidza zvakanakira tekinoroji yekufambisa uye cheni yekugovera, kupinza vatengesi varipo, kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekutsvagisa kwe inverter nekugadzira nekutenga, uye nekukurumidza kugadzira zvakanakira.

Muna 2015, Huawei yaive pekutanga mumusika wepasi rose wePV inverter, uye Sungrow Power yakapfuurawo SMA kekutanga. Kusvika pari zvino, inverter yemagetsi yeChina yakazopedzisira yakunda nzvimbo mbiri dzepamusoro pasi rose uye yapedza "inverter".

Kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2018, vagadziri vemainverter ePV emuno vakaramba vachikwira, uye vakakurumidza kutora musika nemitengo yakanaka. Mugove wemusika wevagadziri vemainverter ekare ekunze kwenyika wakaramba uchikanganiswa. Mumunda wemagetsi madiki, SolarEdge, Enphase nevamwe vagadziri vemainverter epamusoro-soro vanogona kuramba vaine musika wakasiyana nekuda kwemhando yavo uye mabhenefiti echiteshi, nepo mumusika wezviteshi zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic zvine makwikwi makuru emitengo, musika wevagadziri vemainverter ekare vekuEurope neJapan vakaita seSMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron nezvimwewo uri kudzikira.

Mushure megore ra2018, vamwe vagadziri vema inverter vekune dzimwe nyika vakatanga kubuda mubhizinesi re PV inverter. Kune makuru makuru emagetsi, ma inverter e photovoltaic ane chikamu chidiki mubhizinesi ravo. ABB, Schneider nevamwe vagadziri vema inverter vakabudawo mubhizinesi re inverter zvakatevedzana.

Vagadziri vema inverter vekuChina vakatanga kukurumidzisa marongero emisika yekune dzimwe nyika. Musi wa27 Chikunguru 2018, Sungrow Power yakashandisa nzvimbo yekugadzira ma inverter ine simba remagetsi rinosvika 3GW muIndia. Zvadaro, musi wa27 Nyamavhuvhu, yakagadzira nzvimbo yekushandira yakazara muUnited States kuti isimbise kugona kwekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye masevhisi ekutengesa mushure mekutengesa. Panguva imwe chete, Huawei, Shangneng, Guriwat, Jinlang, Goodway nevamwe vagadziri vakaenderera mberi nekusimbisa nekuwedzera marongero avo kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwe chete, mhando dzakadai seSanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy naMosuo Power dzakatanga kutsvaga mikana mitsva kunze kwenyika.

Tichifunga nezvemaitiro emusika wekunze kwenyika, makambani emhando yepamusoro nevatengi vari mumusika wazvino vasvika padanho rakati repakati mukuwanikwa uye kudiwa, uye maitiro emusika wepasi rose akasimbawo. Zvisinei, mimwe misika iri kubuda ichiri munzira yekukura uye inogona kutsvaga budiriro yakati. Kuenderera mberi kwekukura kwemisika iri kubuda kunze kwenyika kuchaunza kukurudzira kutsva kumakambani eChinese inverter.

Kubva muna 2016, vagadziri vemagetsi ekuChina vakatora chinzvimbo chepamusoro mumusika wepasi rose wemagetsi emagetsi ezuva nezuva. Zvinhu zviviri zvekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kushandiswa kwakakura kwakaita kuti mutengo wemagetsi ese ePV udzike nekukurumidza, uye mutengo wePV system wadzikira neanopfuura 90% mumakore gumi. Semidziyo mikuru yePV system, mutengo wePV inverter pa watt wakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore gumi apfuura, kubva paanopfuura 1 yuan/W pakutanga kusvika pa0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan/W muna 2021, uye kusvika pa1/10 yemakore gumi apfuura.

Kurumidza kupatsanura

Pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kwe photovoltaic, vagadziri ve inverter vakatarisa pakuderedza mitengo yemidziyo, kugadzirisa simba zvakanyanya, uye kushandura simba zviri nani. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwesystem, inverter yakabatanidza mabasa akawanda, akadai sekudzivirira nekugadzirisa zvikamu zvePID, kubatanidzwa nerutsigiro rwekutevera, sisitimu yekuchenesa nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekunze, kuvandudza mashandiro echiteshi chemagetsi che photovoltaic uye kuona kuti mari yekugadzira magetsi yakawedzerwa.

Mumakore gumi apfuura, kushandiswa kwema inverters kwave kuchiwedzera, uye anofanirwa kutarisana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaoma uye mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, akadai sekupisa kwakanyanya murenje, hunyoro hwakawanda hwekunze uye mhute ine munyu wakawanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, inverter inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvayo zvekuparadza kupisa, kune rumwe rutivi, inofanirwa kuvandudza dziviriro yayo kuti ikwanise kurarama nemamiriro ekunze akaoma, ayo pasina mubvunzo anoisa zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvekugadzira chimiro che inverter uye tekinoroji yezvinhu.

Zvichitevera zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemhando yepamusoro uye kushanda zvakanaka kubva kuvagadziri vemagetsi, indasitiri ye photovoltaic inverter iri kufambira mberi ichienda kukuvimbika kwakanyanya, kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandura magetsi uye mutengo wakaderera.

Kukwikwidzana kukuru kwemusika kwakaunza kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nguva dzose. Muna 2010 kana zvakadaro, topology huru yePV inverter yaive circuit ine mazinga maviri, ine kushanda kwekushandura kweinenge 97%. Nhasi, kushanda kwepamusoro kwema inverters evagadziri vakuru pasi rose kwave kupfuura 99%, uye chinangwa chinotevera i99.5%. Muhafu yechipiri ya2020, ma module e photovoltaic akatanga ma module ane simba guru zvichibva pahukuru hwe 182mm ne 210mm silicon chip. Mukati memwedzi isingasviki hafu yegore, mabhizinesi akati wandei akadai seHuawei, Sungrow Power, TBEA, Kehua Digital Energy, Hewang, Guriwat, neJinlang Technology akatevera nekukurumidza uye zvakatevedzana akatanga ma inverters ane simba guru anoenderana nawo.

Sekureva kwedata reChina Photovoltaic Industry Association, pari zvino, musika wePV inverter wemuno uchiri kutungamirwa ne string inverter ne centralized inverter, nepo mamwe ma micro and distributed inverters achiverengera chikamu chidiki. Nekukura nekukurumidza kwemusika we photovoltaic wakaparadzirwa uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe string inverters mu centralized photovoltaic power stations, huwandu hwese hwe string inverters hwakawedzera gore negore, huchipfuura 60% muna 2020, nepo huwandu hwe centralized inverters huri pasi pe30%. Mune ramangwana, nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwe series inverters mu ground power stations hombe, musika wavo uchawedzera zvakanyanya.

Kubva pamaonero emusika we inverter, marongerwo evagadziri vakasiyana-siyana anoratidza kuti magetsi ezuva nezvigadzirwa zve SMA zvakwana, uye kune mabhizinesi e inverter ari pakati nepakati uye e series inverter. Power Electronics ne Shangneng Electric zvinonyanya kushandisa ma inverter ari pakati nepakati. Huawei, SolarEdge, Jinlang Technology ne Goodway zvese zvakavakirwa pama string inverters, ayo zvigadzirwa zve Huawei zvinonyanya kuva ma string inverters makuru emagetsi epasi uye masisitimu e photovoltaic emaindasitiri neemabhizinesi, nepo matatu ekupedzisira ari emusika wemhuri. Emphase, Hemai ne Yuneng Technology zvinonyanya kushandisa ma micro inverters.

Mumusika wepasi rose, ma inverter e series ne centralized ndiwo marudzi makuru. MuChina, musika we inverter ye centralized ne series inverter wakagadzikana paanopfuura 90%.

Mune ramangwana, kugadzirwa kwema inverter kuchasiyana-siyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, mhando dzekushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic dzakasiyana-siyana, uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana akadai serenje, gungwa, denga rakapararira, uye BIPV ari kuwedzera, nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvema inverter. Kune rumwe rutivi, kukura nekukurumidza kwemagetsi emagetsi, zvikamu uye mamwe matekinoroji matsva, pamwe nekubatanidzwa neAI, big data, Internet nedzimwe tekinoroji, zvinotungamirawo kufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuripo kweindasitiri ye inverter. Inverter iri kufambira mberi ichienda kukushanda kwepamusoro, simba rakakwirira, DC voltage yakakwira, yakangwara, yakachengeteka, yakasimba kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kushanda nekuchengetedza zvine hushamwari.

Pamusoro pezvo, nekushandiswa kukuru kwesimba rinodzokororwa pasi rose, mwero wekupinda kwePV uri kuwedzera, uye inverter inoda kuva nesimba rakasimba rekutsigira grid kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwakasimba uye mhinduro yekukurumidza yegrid isina simba. Kubatanidzwa kwekuchengetedza optical, kubatanidzwa kwekuchengetedza optical nekuchaja, kugadzirwa kwehydrogen ye photovoltaic uye mamwe maapplication matsva uye akabatanidzwa zvichavewo nzira yakakosha zvishoma nezvishoma, uye inverter ichaunza nzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza.