Inverter y'Ubushinwa yazamutse cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga

Nk'imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi za sisitemu ya photovoltaic, inverter ya photovoltaic ntabwo ifite gusa imikorere ya DC / AC, ahubwo inafite imikorere yo kongera imikorere ya selile y'izuba n'imikorere yo kurinda amakosa ya sisitemu, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza ya sisitemu ya photovoltaic ya solar.

Mu 2003, Sungrow Power, iyobowe na Cao Renxian, umuyobozi w’ishuri, yatangije inverter ya mbere y’Ubushinwa ikoresha amashanyarazi ya 10kW ifite uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge. Ariko kugeza mu 2009, hari ibigo bike cyane bya inverter byakoraga mu Bushinwa, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byari bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Umubare munini w’ibigo byo mu mahanga nka Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider na ABB byari byubahirizwaga cyane.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, inganda z’inverter zo mu Bushinwa zageze ku izamuka. Mu 2010, inverter 10 za mbere ku isi zari ziganjemo ibirango by’i Burayi n’Abanyamerika. Ariko, mu 2021, nk’uko imibare y’isoko ry’inverter ibivuga, ibigo by’inverter byo mu Bushinwa byaje ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.

Muri Kamena 2022, IHS Markit, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isi, cyasohoye urutonde rw’isoko ry’inverter za PV ku isi mu 2021. Muri uru rutonde, urutonde rw’ibigo by’inverter bya PV byo mu Bushinwa rwahindutse cyane.

Kuva mu 2015, Sungrow Power na Huawei ni zo ebyiri za mbere mu kohereza inverter za PV ku isi. Bose hamwe, babarirwa muri 40% by'isoko ry'inverter ku isi. Ikigo cy'Abadage SMA, cyafatwaga nk'ikimenyetso cy'ibigo by'inverter bya PV mu mateka y'Ubushinwa, cyakomeje kugabanuka ku rutonde rw'isoko ry'inverter ku isi mu 2021, kiva ku mwanya wa gatatu kijya ku wa gatanu. Kandi Jinlang Technology, ikigo cya karindwi cy'Abashinwa gishinzwe inverter ya photovoltaic mu 2020, cyarushije ikigo cya kera cy'inverter cyazamuwe mu ntera kikajya ku mwanya wa gatatu "w'inyenyeri" za mbere ku isi.

Ibigo by’inverter bikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic mu Bushinwa byaje kuba bitatu bya mbere ku isi, bishyiraho ubwoko bushya bw’ibishushanyo bya "tripod". Byongeye kandi, inganda zikora inverter zihagarariwe na Jinlang, Guriwat na Goodway zihutishije umuvuduko wazo wo kujya mu nyanja kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, muri Amerika y'Epfo n'andi masoko; inganda zo mu mahanga nka SMA, PE na SolerEdge ziracyashyigikiye amasoko yo mu karere nka Uburayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Burezili, ariko isoko ryaragabanutse cyane.

Izamuka ryihuse

Mbere ya 2012, bitewe n’izamuka ry’isoko rya photovoltaic mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibindi bihugu ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushobozi bwashyizweho, isoko rya photovoltaic inverter ryari ryiganjemo ibigo by’i Burayi. Icyo gihe, ikigo cy’Abadage cy’inverter SMA cyari gifite 22% by’isoko ry’inverter ku isi. Muri iki gihe, ibigo by’ubushinwa byatangiye gukora photovoltaic byafashe inyungu muri iyo gahunda maze bitangira kugaragara ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Nyuma ya 2011, isoko rya photovoltaic mu Burayi ryatangiye guhinduka, maze amasoko muri Ositaraliya na Amerika ya Ruguru aratangira. Ibigo by’ubushinwa byo mu gihugu na byo byakurikiyeho vuba. Bivugwa ko mu 2012, ibigo by’ubushinwa by’inverter byari bifite 50% by’isoko muri Ositaraliya bifite inyungu yo kuzamuka kw’ibiciro.

Kuva mu 2013, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yashyizeho politiki y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, kandi imishinga yo mu gihugu yagiye ikurikiranya. Isoko ry'amashanyarazi yo mu Bushinwa ryinjiye mu nzira yihuse y'iterambere, kandi buhoro buhoro ryasimbuye Uburayi nk'isoko rinini ryo gushyiraho umuriro wo mu kirere ku isi. Muri urwo rwego, imashini zitanga umuriro zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "central inverters" zirabura, kandi isoko ryari hafi kugera kuri 90%. Kuri ubu, Huawei yahisemo kwinjira ku isoko ifite inverter y'uruhererekane, ishobora gufatwa nk'"ihindagurika ry'ingufu ebyiri" ku isoko ry'inyanja itukura n'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.

Ku ruhande rumwe, kwinjira kwa Huawei mu bijyanye n’ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi, byibanze ku iterambere rigari ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rufite ibisa n’ubucuruzi bw’ibikoresho by’itumanaho bya “banki” ya kera ya Huawei ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwo gucunga ingufu. Ishobora kwigana vuba ibyiza by’ikoranabuhanga ryo kwimuka no gutanga ibicuruzwa, gutumiza abatanga serivisi basanzwe, kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’amashanyarazi, no gutanga amasoko, kandi ikagira inyungu vuba.

Mu 2015, Huawei yaje ku mwanya wa mbere ku isoko ry’ingufu za PV ku isi, naho Sungrow Power nayo yarenze SMA ku nshuro ya mbere. Kugeza ubu, inverter yo mu Bushinwa ifite amashanyarazi akomoka kuri photovoltaic yamaze kwegukana imyanya ibiri ya mbere ku isi ndetse inarangiza "inverter".

Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2018, inganda zikora inverter za PV zo mu gihugu zakomeje kuzamuka, kandi ziyongera ku isoko vuba cyane ku biciro. Isoko ry’inganda zikora inverter zishaje zo mu mahanga ryakomeje kugira ingaruka. Mu rwego rw’ingufu nke, SolarEdge, Enphase n’izindi nganda zikora inverter zigezweho zishobora gukomeza gufata isoko runaka bitewe n’inyungu zazo ku kirango n’imiyoboro, mu gihe ku isoko ry’inganda nini zikora inverter zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic zifite irushanwa rikomeye ku biciro, isoko ry’inganda zikora inverter zishaje zo mu Burayi no mu Buyapani nka SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron n’izindi ririmo kugabanuka.

Nyuma ya 2018, bamwe mu bakora inverter bo mu mahanga batangiye kuva mu bucuruzi bwa inverter za PV. Ku bigo binini by'amashanyarazi, inverter za photovoltaic zifite igice gito mu bucuruzi bwazo. ABB, Schneider n'abandi bakora inverter nabo bagiye bava mu bucuruzi bwa inverter buhoro buhoro.

Inganda zikora inverter zo mu Bushinwa zatangiye kwihutisha imiterere y'amasoko yo mu mahanga. Ku ya 27 Nyakanga 2018, Sungrow Power yashyize mu bikorwa ikigo cy’inganda zikora inverter gifite ubushobozi bwo kugera kuri 3GW mu Buhinde. Hanyuma, ku ya 27 Kanama, yashyizeho ikigo cy’inganda zikora serivisi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kubika no gutanga serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha. Muri icyo gihe, Huawei, Shangneng, Guriwat, Jinlang, Goodway n'izindi nganda zakomeje gutera imbere mu guhuza no kwagura imiterere yazo yo mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo nka Sanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy na Mosuo Power byatangiye gushaka andi mahirwe mu mahanga.

Ukurikije imiterere y'isoko ryo mu mahanga, ibigo by'ubucuruzi n'abakiriya ku isoko ririho ubu bageze ku rugero runaka mu gutanga no gukenera, kandi imiterere y'isoko mpuzamahanga nayo yarakomeye. Ariko, amwe mu masoko ari mu nzira y'iterambere aracyari mu nzira y'iterambere kandi ashobora gushaka iterambere runaka. Iterambere rihoraho ry'amasoko ari mu mahanga azazana imbaraga nshya ku bigo by'ubucuruzi bikoresha inverter byo mu Bushinwa.

Kuva mu 2016, inganda zikora inverter zo mu Bushinwa zafashe umwanya wa mbere ku isoko ry’isi rya inverter zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic. Ibintu bibiri by’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoreshwa ryazo rikomeye byatumye ikiguzi cy’imiyoboro yose y’inganda za PV kigabanuka cyane, kandi ikiguzi cya sisitemu ya PV cyagabanutseho ibirenga 90% mu myaka 10 ishize. Nk’ibikoresho by’ingenzi bya sisitemu ya PV, ikiguzi cya inverter ya PV kuri watt cyaragabanutse buhoro buhoro mu myaka 10 ishize, kiva kuri yuan irenga 1/W mu ntangiriro kigera kuri yuan 0.1 ~ 0.2/W mu 2021, kigera kuri 1/10 cy’ibyo mu myaka 10 ishize.

Kwihutisha igabanywa ry'ibice

Mu ntangiriro z’iterambere rya photovoltaic, abakora inverter bibandaga ku kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho, kunoza uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukurikirana ingufu zikoreshwa, no guhindura ingufu neza kurushaho. Hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga no kunoza ikoreshwa rya sisitemu, inverter yashyize hamwe imirimo myinshi, nko kurinda no gusana ibice bya PID, guhuza n’inkunga yo gukurikirana, sisitemu yo gusukura n’ibindi bikoresho byo ku ruhande, kugira ngo inoze imikorere ya sitasiyo yose y’amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic no kwemeza ko amafaranga yinjira mu musaruro w’amashanyarazi aboneka menshi.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, uburyo inverters zikoresha bwakomeje kwiyongera, kandi zigomba guhangana n’ibidukikije bitandukanye bigoye ndetse n’ikirere kibi cyane, nko mu butayu, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo mu nyanja n’ibihu bikabije by’umunyu. Ku ruhande rumwe, inverter igomba guhaza ibyo ikeneye mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ku rundi ruhande, igomba kunoza urwego rwayo rwo kurinda kugira ngo ihangane n’ibidukikije bibi, nta gushidikanya ko itanga ibisabwa byinshi ku miterere y’imiterere y’inverter n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho.

Bitewe n’ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo amashanyarazi akoreshwe neza kandi akoreshwe neza n’abayakora, inganda zikora inverter zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic zirimo gutera imbere zigana ku bwizerwe, imikorere myiza mu guhindura amashanyarazi ndetse n’igiciro gito.

Irushanwa rikomeye ku isoko ryazanye iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga. Mu mwaka wa 2010, imiterere nyamukuru ya PV inverter yari circuit y’urwego rubiri, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi bwa 97%. Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha inverter z’inganda zikora ibintu binini ku isi muri rusange bwarenze 99%, kandi intego ikurikiraho ni 99.5%. Mu gice cya kabiri cya 2020, modules za photovoltaic zatangije modules zifite ingufu nyinshi zishingiye ku bunini bwa silicon chips bwa 182mm na 210mm. Mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu, ibigo byinshi nka Huawei, Sungrow Power, TBEA, Kehua Digital Energy, Hewang, Guriwat, na Jinlang Technology byakurikiranye vuba kandi bikurikiranye bitangije inverter zifite ingufu nyinshi zijyanye nazo.

Dukurikije imibare y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda za Photovoltaic mu Bushinwa, ubu, isoko ry’amashanyarazi ya PV mu gihugu riracyari ryiganjemo inverter y’imigozi n’inverter ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "centralized", mu gihe izindi inverter nto n’izikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "micro and distribution inverters" zifite umubare muto cyane. Bitewe n’izamuka ryihuta ry’isoko ry’amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic no kwiyongera kw’umubare w’inverter z’imigozi mu mashanyarazi ya photovoltaic akoreshwa mu buryo bwa "centralized", umubare rusange w’inverter z’imigozi wiyongereye buri mwaka, urenga 60% muri 2020, mu gihe umubare w’inverter z’imigozi uri munsi ya 30%. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’ikoreshwa rikomeye ry’inverter z’imigozi mu mashanyarazi manini yo hasi, isoko ryazo rizakomeza kwiyongera.

Ukurikije imiterere y'isoko rya inverter, imiterere y'inganda zitandukanye igaragaza ko amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'ibicuruzwa bya SMA byuzuye, kandi hari ubucuruzi bwa inverter bukoresha inverter imwe n'imwe. Power Electronics na Shangneng Electric ahanini bikoresha inverter zikoresha inverter imwe. Huawei, SolarEdge, Jinlang Technology na Goodway byose bishingiye ku inverter zikoresha inverter, aho ibicuruzwa bya Huawei ahanini ari inverter nini zikoresha inverter zikoresha inverter nini zikoreshwa ku butaka ndetse na sisitemu z'inganda n'iz'ubucuruzi, mu gihe eshatu za nyuma zikoreshwa cyane cyane ku isoko ry'ingo. Emphase, Hemai na Yuneng Technology ahanini bikoresha inverter nto.

Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, inverters zikoresha uruhererekane n’izikoresha uruhererekane ni zo zikoreshwa cyane. Mu Bushinwa, isoko rya inverters zikoresha uruhererekane n’izikoresha uruhererekane rihamye ku kigero kirenga 90%.

Mu gihe kizaza, iterambere ry’imashini zihindura amashanyarazi rizahinduka. Ku ruhande rumwe, ubwoko bw’ikoreshwa rya sitasiyo z’amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic burahinduka, kandi ikoreshwa ritandukanye nko mu butayu, mu nyanja, mu gisenge gikwirakwijwe, na BIPV riri kwiyongera, hamwe n’ibisabwa bitandukanye kuri izi mashini zihindura amashanyarazi. Ku rundi ruhande, iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu, ibice n’irindi koranabuhanga rishya, hamwe no guhuza na AI, big data, interineti n’andi makoranabuhanga, nabyo bituma inganda zihindura amashanyarazi zikomeza gutera imbere. Iyi mashini ihindura amashanyarazi irimo gutera imbere igana ku musaruro mwiza, urwego rw’ingufu ruri hejuru, voltage ya DC iri hejuru, ubuhanga burushijeho, umutekano, ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibidukikije, no gukora no kubungabunga neza.

Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ikoreshwa rikomeye ry'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku isi, igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa PV kiriyongera, kandi inverter igomba kugira ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gushyigikira grid kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa kugira ngo ikore neza kandi ikore vuba kandi yihutishe mu kohereza grid idakora neza. Guhuza ububiko bw'amatara, kubika no gusharija amatara, gukora hydrogen ya photovoltaic n'izindi porogaramu zigezweho kandi zihujwe nazo zizagenda ziba inzira y'ingenzi buhoro buhoro, kandi inverter izazana umwanya munini wo guteza imbere.