Kua tino piki ake te rongonui o te inverter o Haina i te mākete o te ao

Hei tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha photovoltaic, ehara i te mea ko te mahi tahuri DC/AC anake te mahi a te inverter photovoltaic, engari he mahi anō hoki ki te whakanui ake i te mahi a te pūtau solar me te mahi tiaki hapa pūnaha, e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga o te whakaputa hiko o te pūnaha photovoltaic solar.

I te tau 2003, i whakarewahia e Sungrow Power, i raro i te kaiārahi a Cao Renxian, te tumuaki o te kāreti, te inverter photovoltaic tuatahi o Haina e hono ana ki te whatunga 10kW me ngā mana pupuri hinengaro motuhake. Engari tae noa ki te tau 2009, he iti noa iho ngā umanga inverter e hangaia ana i Haina, ā, he nui ngā taputapu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kawemai. He nui ngā waitohu o tāwāhi pērā i a Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider me ABB i tino whakautehia.

I roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua piki ake te umanga inverter o Haina. I te tau 2010, ko ngā waitohu Pākehā me Amerika te rangatira o ngā inverter photovoltaic tekau o te ao. Heoi, i te tau 2021, e ai ki ngā raraunga whakatauranga o te mākete inverter, kua eke ngā umanga inverter Hainamana ki roto i ngā mea tino pai o te ao.

I te marama o Hune 2022, i whakaputa a IHS Markit, he umanga rangahau mana o te ao, i te rārangi whakatauranga o te mākete inverter PV o te ao mō te tau 2021. I roto i tēnei rārangi, kua nui ake ngā panonitanga o te whakatauranga o ngā umanga inverter PV Hainamana.

Mai i te tau 2015, ko Sungrow Power me Huawei ngā kamupene matua e rua o ngā tukunga inverter PV o te ao. Ina huihuia, neke atu i te 40% o te mākete inverter o te ao e puritia ana e rāua. Ko te hinonga Tiamana SMA, i kiia ko te paearu mō ngā hinonga inverter PV o Haina i roto i te hītori, i heke haere tonu i roto i te tūranga o te mākete inverter o te ao i te tau 2021, mai i te tuatoru ki te tuarima. Ā, ko Jinlang Technology, te tuawhitu o ngā kamupene inverter photovoltaic Hainamana i te tau 2020, i hipa i te kamupene inverter tawhito, ā, i whakatairangatia ki te "whetu e ara ake ana" e toru o runga o te ao.

Kua eke ngā umanga whakawhiti hiko photovoltaic o Haina ki roto i ngā mea e toru o runga o te ao, ā, kua hangaia he whakatupuranga hou o te tauira "tripod". Hei tāpiri, kua tere ake te tere o ngā kaihanga whakawhiti hiko e tohuhia ana e Jinlang, Guriwat me Goodway ki te moana, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i a Ūropi, i te Hononga o Amerika, i Amerika Latina me ētahi atu mākete; Kei te piri tonu ngā kaihanga o tāwāhi pērā i a SMA, PE me SolerEdge ki ngā mākete ā-rohe pērā i a Ūropi, i te Hononga o Amerika me Brazil, engari kua tino heke te wāhi mākete.

Te pikinga tere

I mua i te tau 2012, nā te tīmatanga o te mākete photovoltaic i Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika me ētahi atu whenua, me te pikinga tonu o te kaha tāuta, kua riro i ngā umanga Ūropi te mana whakahaere o te mākete inverter photovoltaic. I taua wā, ko te SMA o te umanga inverter Tiamana te 22% o te hea mākete inverter o te ao. I tēnei wā, i whakamahia e ngā umanga photovoltaic tuatahi o Haina te ia, ā, ka tīmata te puta ki te atamira o te ao. I muri i te tau 2011, ka tīmata te neke o te mākete photovoltaic i Ūropi, ā, ka pakaru ngā mākete i Ahitereiria me Amerika Te Raki. I tere te whai a ngā umanga inverter ā-rohe. E ai ki ngā pūrongo i te tau 2012, neke atu i te 50% o te hea mākete i Ahitereiria ngā umanga inverter Hainamana, me te painga o te utu nui.

Mai i te tau 2013, kua whakaputa te kāwanatanga o Haina i tētahi kaupapa here utu hiko paerewa, ā, kua whakarewahia ngā kaupapa ā-rohe i roto i ngā wā katoa. Kua uru te mākete photovoltaic o Haina ki te ara tere o te whanaketanga, ā, kua whakakapia haeretia a Ūropi hei mākete nui rawa atu mō te tāutanga photovoltaic i te ao. I roto i tēnei horopaki, he iti noa te tuku o ngā inverters pokapū, ā, i tata ki te 90% te wahanga mākete i mua. I tēnei wā, kua whakatau a Huawei ki te tomo ki te mākete me tētahi inverter raupapa, e taea te kī he "hurihuri rua" o te mākete Moana Whero me ngā hua matua.

Ko te urunga atu a Huawei ki te ao o ngā inverters photovoltaic, i tētahi taha, e arotahi ana ki ngā tirohanga whānui o te umanga photovoltaic. I taua wā anō, he rite tonu te hanga inverter ki te pakihi taputapu whakawhitiwhiti "pēke tawhito" a Huawei me te pakihi whakahaere hiko. Ka taea e ia te tārua tere i ngā painga o te hangarau hekenga me te mekameka tuku, te kawemai i ngā kaiwhakarato o nāianei, te whakaiti nui i te utu o te rangahau me te whanaketanga me te hoko inverter, me te hanga tere i ngā painga.

I te tau 2015, i tū a Huawei hei tuatahi i te mākete hiko whakawhiti PV o te ao, ā, i hipa atu hoki a Sungrow Power i a SMA mō te wā tuatahi. Tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, kua toa te hiko whakawhiti photovoltaic o Haina i ngā tūranga e rua o runga o te ao, ā, kua oti i a ia te mahi "whakawhiti".

Mai i te tau 2015 ki te tau 2018, i piki haere tonu ngā kaihanga inverter PV o te whare, ā, i tere tonu te noho i te mākete me ngā painga utu. I pāngia tonu te wāhi mākete o ngā kaihanga inverter waitohu tawhito o tāwāhi. I roto i te mara o te hiko iti, ka taea tonu e SolarEdge, Enphase me ētahi atu kaihanga inverter kounga teitei te noho i tētahi wāhi mākete nā runga i ō rātou painga waitohu me te hongere, i te mākete o ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic nui me te whakataetae utu nui, kei te heke te wāhi mākete o ngā kaihanga inverter tawhito o Ūropi me Hapanihi pērā i a SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron me ētahi atu.

I muri i te tau 2018, ka tīmata ētahi o ngā kaihanga inverter o tāwāhi ki te wehe atu i te pakihi inverter PV. Mō ngā kamupene hiko nunui, he iti noa te wāhanga o ngā inverter photovoltaic i roto i tā rātou pakihi. Kua wehe atu hoki a ABB, Schneider me ētahi atu kaihanga inverter i te pakihi inverter.

I tīmata ngā kaihanga inverter Hainamana ki te tere ake i te whakatakotoranga o ngā mākete o tāwāhi. I te 27 o Hūrae, 2018, i whakamahia e Sungrow Power tētahi turanga hanga inverter me te kaha tae atu ki te 3GW i Inia. Kātahi, i te 27 o Ākuhata, i whakatūria e rātou tētahi pokapū ratonga whānui ā-rohe i te United States hei whakapakari i ngā taonga tatari o tāwāhi me ngā kaha ratonga muri-hoko. I taua wā anō, kua kaha ake a Huawei, Shangneng, Guriwat, Jinlang, Goodway me ētahi atu kaihanga ki te whakakotahi me te whakawhānui i tā rātou whakatakotoranga o tāwāhi. I taua wā anō, ka tīmata ngā waitohu pēnei i a Sanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy me Mosuo Power ki te rapu huarahi hou ki tāwāhi.

I runga i te āhua o te mākete o tāwāhi, kua eke ngā umanga waitohu me ngā kaihoko i te mākete o nāianei ki tētahi taurite i waenga i te tuku me te tono, ā, kua pakari hoki te āhua o te mākete o te ao. Heoi, kei te anga tonu ētahi mākete putaiao ki te whanaketanga kaha, ā, ka taea e rātou te rapu i ētahi putanga hou. Mā te whanaketanga tonu o ngā mākete putaiao o tāwāhi ka kawea mai he kaha hou ki ngā umanga hurihuri Hainamana.

Mai i te tau 2016, kua nohoia e ngā kaihanga inverter Hainamana te tūranga matua i roto i te mākete inverter photovoltaic o te ao. Nā ngā āhuatanga rua o te auahatanga hangarau me te tono tauine nui i akiaki te hekenga tere o te utu o ngā hononga katoa o te mekameka ahumahi PV, ā, kua heke te utu o te pūnaha PV neke atu i te 90% i roto i ngā tau 10. Hei taputapu matua o te pūnaha PV, kua heke haere te utu o te inverter PV mō ia watt i roto i ngā tau 10 kua hipa, mai i te neke atu i te 1 yuan/W i te wāhanga tōmua ki te tata ki te 0.1~0.2 yuan/W i te tau 2021, ā, ki te tata ki te 1/10 o taua 10 tau ki muri.

Whakatereterehia te wehewehenga

I te tīmatanga o te whanaketanga o te photovoltaic, i arotahi ngā kaihanga inverter ki te whakaiti i ngā utu taputapu, te arotau i te aroturuki mana nui rawa atu, me te hurihanga pūngao whai hua ake. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau me te whakapai ake i te tono pūnaha, kua whakauruhia e te inverter ētahi atu mahi, pērā i te tiaki me te whakatika PID wāhanga, te whakaurunga ki te tautoko aroturuki, te pūnaha horoi me ētahi atu taputapu ā-taha, hei whakapai ake i te mahi a te teihana hiko photovoltaic katoa me te whakarite kia nui ake te moni whiwhi whakaputa hiko.

I roto i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua piki haere ngā whakamahinga o ngā kaitahuri, ā, me aro atu rātou ki ngā taiao matawhenua uaua me ngā huarere kino, pērā i te pāmahana teitei o te koraha, te haumākū teitei o te takutai moana me te kohu tote nui. I tētahi taha, me tutuki i te kaitahuri ōna ake hiahia whakamarara wera, i tētahi atu taha, me whakapai ake i tōna taumata tiaki kia taea ai te aro atu ki te taiao uaua, e kore e kore ka piki ake ngā whakaritenga mō te hoahoa hanganga me te hangarau rauemi o te kaitahuri.

I raro i te papamuri o ngā whakaritenga teitei mō te kounga me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa hiko mai i ngā kaiwhakawhanake, kei te whanake te umanga inverter photovoltaic ki te pikinga ake o te pono, te whai huatanga o te tahuritanga me te utu iti.

Nā te whakataetae nui o te mākete kua piki ake te hangarau. I te tau 2010 pea, ko te āhua porowhita matua o te inverter PV he porowhita taumata-rua, me te pai o te hurihanga tata ki te 97%. I tēnei rā, ko te pai rawa o te mahi a ngā inverter o ngā kaihanga matua o te ao kua neke atu i te 99%, ā, ko te whāinga e whai ake nei ko te 99.5%. I te haurua tuarua o te tau 2020, kua whakarewahia e ngā kōwae photovoltaic ngā kōwae mana-teitei i runga i te rahi maramara silicon 182mm me te 210mm. I roto i te iti iho i te haurua o te tau, he maha ngā umanga pēnei i a Huawei, Sungrow Power, TBEA, Kehua Digital Energy, Hewang, Guriwat, me Jinlang Technology kua tere te whai i ngā inverter raupapa mana-teitei e rite ana ki a rātou.

E ai ki ngā raraunga a te China Photovoltaic Industry Association, i tēnei wā, ko te mākete inverter PV ā-rohe kei te whakahaerehia tonutia e te inverter aho me te inverter pokapū, ko ētahi atu inverter iti me te tohatoha he iti noa iho te ōwehenga. Nā te tere o te tipu o te mākete photovoltaic tohatoha me te pikinga o te ōwehenga o ngā inverter aho i roto i ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic pokapū, kua piki ake te ōwehenga whānui o ngā inverter aho i ia tau, neke atu i te 60% i te tau 2020, ko te ōwehenga o ngā inverter pokapū he iti iho i te 30%. I te heke mai, me te whakamahinga whānui o ngā inverter raupapa i roto i ngā teihana hiko whenua nui, ka piki ake anō tō rātou wāhi mākete.

Mai i te tirohanga o te hanganga o te mākete inverter, e whakaatu ana te whakatakotoranga o ngā kaihanga rerekē kua oti te tuku hiko o te rā me ngā hua SMA, ā, kei reira ngā pakihi inverter pokapū me ngā pakihi inverter raupapa. Ko te nuinga o ngā inverter pokapū e whakamahia ana e Power Electronics me Shangneng Electric. Ko Huawei, SolarEdge, Jinlang Technology me Goodway katoa e ahu mai ana i ngā inverter aho, ko ngā hua Huawei he inverter aho nui mō ngā teihana hiko whenua nui me ngā pūnaha photovoltaic ahumahi me te arumoni, ko ngā mea whakamutunga e toru he mea nui mō te mākete whare. Ko Emphase, Hemai me Yuneng Technology e whakamahi ana i ngā inverter moroiti.

I te mākete o te ao, ko ngā kaitahuri raupapa me ngā kaitahuri pokapū ngā momo matua. I Haina, he pumau te wāhi mākete o te kaitahuri pokapū me te kaitahuri raupapa neke atu i te 90%.

I te heke mai, ka whānuitia te whanaketanga o ngā inverters. I tētahi taha, ka whānuitia ngā momo tono o ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic, ā, kei te piki haere ngā tono maha pēnei i te koraha, te moana, te tuanui tohatoha, me te BIPV, me ngā whakaritenga rerekē mō ngā inverters. I tētahi atu taha, ko te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā hikohiko hiko, ngā wāhanga me ētahi atu hangarau hou, me te whakaurunga ki te AI, te raraunga nui, te Ipurangi me ētahi atu hangarau, e akiaki ana hoki i te ahunga whakamua tonu o te umanga inverter. Kei te whanake te inverter ki te whai huatanga teitei ake, te taumata mana teitei ake, te ngaohiko DC teitei ake, te mohio ake, te haumaru ake, te kaha ake o te urutau taiao, me te whakahaere me te tiaki pai ake.

Hei tāpiritanga, nā te whakamahinga nui o te pūngao hou i te ao, kei te piki haere te tere o te urunga o te PV, ā, me kaha ake te kaha tautoko whatunga o te inverter kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te mahi pumau me te urupare tere o te whatunga iahiko ngoikore. Ko te whakaurunga rokiroki whatu, te whakaurunga rokiroki whatu me te utu, te hanga hauwai photovoltaic me ētahi atu tono auaha me te whakauru ka noho hei huarahi nui, ā, ka nui ake te wāhi whanaketanga o te inverter.