Inverter nke China amụbaala nke ukwuu n'ahịa mba ụwa

Dịka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke sistemụ fotovoltaic, inverter fotovoltaic abụghị naanị na ọ nwere ọrụ mgbanwe DC/AC, kamakwa ọ nwere ọrụ nke ime ka arụmọrụ nke sel anyanwụ na ọrụ nchedo njehie sistemụ dịkwuo elu, nke na-emetụta kpọmkwem arụmọrụ mmepụta ike nke sistemụ fotovoltaic anyanwụ.

Na 2003, Sungrow Power, nke Cao Renxian, onyeisi kọleji ahụ, duziri, wepụtara inverter fotovoltaic mbụ nke 10kW nke China jikọtara na grid nke nwere ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi onwe ya. Mana ruo 2009, e nwere obere ụlọ ọrụ inverter na-emepụta na China, ọtụtụ akụrụngwa dabere na mbubata. Ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaahịa si mba ofesi dịka Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider na ABB bụ ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ukwuu.

N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ụlọ ọrụ inverter nke China enwetala mmụba. Na 2010, ụdị European na America na-achịkwa inverters iri kachasị elu n'ụwa. Agbanyeghị, ka ọ na-erule 2021, dịka data ọkwa nke òkè ahịa inverter si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ inverter nke China esonyela n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'ụwa.

Na June 2022, IHS Markit, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nwere ikike, bipụtara ndepụta ọkwa ahịa inverter PV zuru ụwa ọnụ nke afọ 2021. N'ime ndepụta a, ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ inverter PV nke China agbanweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe.

Kemgbe afọ 2015, Sungrow Power na Huawei abụrụla ndị abụọ kachasị elu na mbupu inverter PV zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ha niile na-eme ihe karịrị pasentị iri anọ nke ahịa inverter zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ụlọ ọrụ German SMA, nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe atụ maka ụlọ ọrụ inverter PV nke China n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, dakwara n'ọkwa nke ahịa inverter zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2021, site na nke atọ ruo na nke ise. Jinlang Technology, ụlọ ọrụ inverter photovoltaic nke asaa nke China na 2020, gafere ụlọ ọrụ inverter ochie ma bulie ya elu na "kpakpando na-ebili elu" atọ kachasị elu n'ụwa.

Ụlọ ọrụ inverter fotovoltaic nke China aghọọla ndị atọ kachasị elu n'ụwa, na-etolite ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụkpụrụ "tripod". Na mgbakwunye, ndị na-emepụta inverter nke Jinlang, Guriwat na Goodway nọchitere anya emeela ka ọsọ ha na-aga n'oké osimiri dịkwuo elu ma a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe na Europe, United States, Latin America na ahịa ndị ọzọ; Ndị na-emepụta ihe na mba ofesi dịka SMA, PE na SolerEdge ka na-agbaso ahịa mpaghara dịka Europe, United States na Brazil, mana òkè ahịa adalatala nke ukwuu.

Mmụba ngwa ngwa

Tupu afọ 2012, n'ihi mgbasa nke ahịa fotovoltaic na Europe na United States na mba ndị ọzọ na mmụba nke ikike arụnyere, ahịa inverter photovoltaic bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Europe na-achịkwa. N'oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ inverter German SMA bụ 22% nke òkè ahịa inverter zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'oge a, ụlọ ọrụ fotovoltaic mbụ nke China jiri ohere ahụ mee ihe wee malite ịpụta na mba ụwa. Mgbe afọ 2011 gasịrị, ahịa fotovoltaic na Europe malitere ịgbanwe, ahịa dị na Australia na North America gbawara. Ụlọ ọrụ inverter n'ime obodo sokwara ngwa ngwa. A kọrọ na na 2012, ụlọ ọrụ inverter China ruru ihe karịrị 50% nke òkè ahịa na Australia na uru nke arụmọrụ dị elu.

Kemgbe afọ 2013, gọọmentị China ewepụtala amụma ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik, a malitekwala ọrụ n'ime obodo n'usoro. Ahịa fotovoltaic nke China abanyela n'ụzọ mmepe ngwa ngwa, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie Europe dị ka ahịa kachasị ukwuu maka nrụnye fotovoltaic n'ụwa. N'ọnọdụ a, ọkọnọ nke inverters etiti adịghị, òkè ahịa dịkwa nso na 90%. Ugbu a, Huawei ekpebiela ịbanye n'ahịa na inverter usoro, nke a pụrụ iwere dị ka "mgbanwe okpukpu abụọ" nke ahịa Red Sea na ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi.

N'otu aka, ntinye Huawei n'ọhịa nke inverters photovoltaic na-elekwasị anya n'ọganihu mmepe sara mbara nke ụlọ ọrụ photovoltaic. N'otu oge ahụ, mmepụta inverter nwere ihe yiri azụmaahịa ngwaọrụ nkwukọrịta "ụlọ akụ ochie" nke Huawei na azụmaahịa njikwa ike. Ọ nwere ike iṅomi uru nke teknụzụ mbugharị na usoro ọkọnọ ngwa ngwa, bubata ndị na-ebubata ihe dị adị, belata ọnụ ahịa nke nyocha na mmepe na ịzụta inverter nke ukwuu, ma mepụta uru ngwa ngwa.

Na 2015, Huawei nọ n'ọkwa mbụ n'ahịa inverter PV zuru ụwa ọnụ, Sungrow Power gaferekwa SMA maka oge mbụ. Ruo ugbu a, inverter photovoltaic nke China emeriela ọkwa abụọ kachasị elu n'ụwa ma mechaa egwuregwu "inverter".

Site na 2015 ruo 2018, ndị na-emepụta inverter PV n'ime ụlọ nọgidere na-arị elu, ma na-ejigide ahịa ngwa ngwa site na uru ọnụahịa. Oke ahịa nke ndị na-emepụta inverter ochie na mba ofesi ka nọgidere na-enwe mmetụta. N'ọhịa nke obere ike, SolarEdge, Enphase na ndị ọzọ na-emepụta inverter dị elu ka nwere ike ịnwe òkè ahịa ụfọdụ n'ihi uru akara na ọwa ha, ebe n'ahịa nke nnukwu ọdụ ike photovoltaic nwere asọmpi ọnụahịa siri ike, òkè ahịa nke ndị na-emepụta inverter Europe na Japan ochie dịka SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron na ndị ọzọ na-ebelata.

Mgbe afọ 2018 gachara, ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta inverter si mba ofesi malitere ịpụ na azụmaahịa inverter PV. Maka nnukwu ndị ọrụ eletriki, inverters photovoltaic na-abụkarị obere akụkụ n'azụmahịa ha. ABB, Schneider na ndị ọzọ na-emepụta inverter ewepụkwala onwe ha n'azụmahịa inverter.

Ndị na-emepụta inverter nke China malitere ime ka ahịa mba ofesi dị ngwa ngwa. Na Julaị 27, 2018, Sungrow Power tinyere ntọala mmepụta inverter nke nwere ikike ruru 3GW na India. Mgbe ahụ, na Ọgọst 27, o guzobere ebe ọrụ zuru oke na United States iji mee ka ngwa ahịa nchekwa mba ofesi na ikike ọrụ mgbe eresịrị ahịa sikwuo ike. N'otu oge ahụ, Huawei, Shagneng, Guriwat, Jinlang, Goodway na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ akwalitela iji mee ka nhazi ha sikwuo ike na ịgbasa. N'otu oge ahụ, ụdị dịka Sanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy na Mosuo Power malitere ịchọ ohere ọhụrụ na mba ofesi.

N'ihi ụdị ahịa mba ofesi, ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ahịa dị n'ahịa ugbu a erutela nguzozi ụfọdụ na ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ, ụkpụrụ ahịa mba ofesi emekwaala ka ọ sie ike. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ahịa ndị na-apụta ka nọ n'akụkụ mmepe na-arụ ọrụ ma nwee ike ịchọ ụfọdụ ọganihu. Mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ahịa ndị na-apụta na mba ofesi ga-eweta mkpali ọhụrụ nye ụlọ ọrụ inverter nke China.

Kemgbe afọ 2016, ndị na-emepụta inverter nke China eburula ụzọ n'ahịa inverter photovoltaic n'ụwa. Ihe abụọ dị mkpa nke ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ na ngwa buru ibu emeela ka ọnụ ahịa njikọ niile nke ụlọ ọrụ PV daa ngwa ngwa, ọnụ ahịa nke sistemụ PV adaala ihe karịrị 90% n'ime afọ 10. Dịka akụrụngwa bụ isi nke sistemụ PV, ọnụ ahịa inverter PV kwa watt ebelatala nwayọ nwayọ n'ime afọ 10 gara aga, site na ihe karịrị 1 yuan/W na mbido ruo ihe dị ka 0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan/W na 2021, ruo ihe dị ka 1/10 nke afọ 10 gara aga.

Mee ngwa ngwa nkewa

N'oge mmalite nke mmepe fotovoltaic, ndị na-emepụta inverter lekwasịrị anya na mbelata ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa, njikarịcha nleba anya ike kachasị, na mgbanwe ike dị irè karị. Site na mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ na nkwalite nke ngwa sistemụ, inverter etinyela ọrụ ndị ọzọ, dịka nchekwa na ndozi PID nke akụkụ, njikọta na nkwado nsuso, sistemụ nhicha na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ dị n'akụkụ, iji melite arụmọrụ nke ọdụ ike fotovoltaic dum ma hụ na ego mmepụta ike na-abawanye.

N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ọnọdụ ojiji nke inverters amụbaala, ha kwesịkwara iche ihu gburugburu ebe dị iche iche dị mgbagwoju anya na ihu igwe dị oke njọ, dịka okpomọkụ dị elu n'ọzara, oke iru mmiri dị elu n'ụsọ oké osimiri na nnukwu mmiri nnu. N'otu aka, inverter kwesịrị igbo mkpa nke ya maka mkpofu okpomọkụ, n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ kwesịrị imeziwanye ọkwa nchekwa ya iji nagide gburugburu ebe siri ike, nke na-enye n'enweghị mgbagha na ọ na-ebute ihe achọrọ dị elu maka imewe nhazi inverter na teknụzụ ihe.

N'okpuru ndabere nke ihe achọrọ dị elu maka ịdị mma na arụmọrụ mmepụta ike site n'aka ndị mmepe, ụlọ ọrụ inverter fotovoltaic na-etolite iji nweta ntụkwasị obi dị elu, arụmọrụ ntụgharị na ọnụ ala dị ala.

Asọmpi ahịa siri ike emeela ka e nwee nkwalite teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu. Na 2010 ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka ya, isi ihe dị na PV inverter bụ sekit ọkwa abụọ, yana arụmọrụ ntụgharị ihe dị ka 97%. Taa, arụmọrụ kachasị elu nke inverters nke ndị nrụpụta bụ isi n'ụwa agafeela 99%, ebumnuche ọzọ bụ 99.5%. Na ọkara nke abụọ nke 2020, modulu photovoltaic ewepụtala modulu ike dị elu dabere na nha chip silicon 182mm na 210mm. N'ime ihe na-erughị ọkara afọ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dịka Huawei, Sungrow Power, TBEA, Kehua Digital Energy, Hewang, Guriwat, na Jinlang Technology esorola ngwa ngwa ma wepụta inverters usoro ike dị elu nke dabara na ha.

Dịka data nke China Photovoltaic Industry Association si kwuo, ugbu a, ahịa inverter PV dị n'ime ụlọ ka na-achịkwa site na eriri inverter na inverter etiti, ebe obere na obere inverters ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ dị obere. Site na mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ahịa fotovoltaic kesara na mmụba nke oke inverters eriri na ọdụ ike fotovoltaic etiti, oke mkpokọta nke inverters eriri amụbaala kwa afọ, gafere 60% na 2020, ebe oke nke inverters etiti erughị 30%. N'ọdịnihu, site na ojiji sara mbara nke inverters usoro na nnukwu ọdụ ike ala, òkè ahịa ha ga-abawanye.

Site n'echiche nke usoro ahịa inverter, nhazi nke ọtụtụ ndị nrụpụta na-egosi na ọkọnọ ike anyanwụ na ngwaahịa SMA zuru oke, enwerekwa azụmaahịa inverter etiti na usoro inverter. Power Electronics na Shagneng Electric na-ejikarị inverters etiti. Huawei, SolarEdge, Jinlang Technology na Goodway dabere na inverters eriri, nke ngwaahịa Huawei bụ isi inverters eriri buru ibu maka nnukwu ọdụ ike ala na sistemụ fotovoltaic ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na azụmahịa, ebe atọ ndị ikpeazụ bụ maka ahịa ezinụlọ. Mkpesa, Hemai na Yuneng Technology na-ejikarị obere inverters eme ihe.

N'ahịa ụwa, ụdị inverters usoro na nke etiti bụ isi. Na China, òkè ahịa nke inverter etiti na inverter usoro kwụsiri ike na ihe karịrị 90%.

N'ọdịnihu, mmepe nke inverters ga-adị iche iche. N'otu aka, ụdị ngwa nke ọdụ ike fotovoltaic dị iche iche, ọtụtụ ngwa dịka ọzara, oké osimiri, ụlọ kesara, na BIPV na-abawanye, yana ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka inverters. N'aka nke ọzọ, mmepe ngwa ngwa nke eletrọniki ike, ihe ndị mejupụtara ya na teknụzụ ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ, yana njikọta na AI, nnukwu data, Intanet na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, na-akwalitekwa ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke ụlọ ọrụ inverter. Inverter na-etolite iji nweta arụmọrụ dị elu, ọkwa ike dị elu, voltaji DC dị elu, ọgụgụ isi, nchekwa, na mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike, yana ọrụ na mmezi enyi na enyi.

Tinyere nke a, site na iji ike mmeghari ohuru eme ihe n'ụwa, ọnụego ntinye PV na-abawanye, inverter kwesịkwara inwe ikike nkwado grid siri ike iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka ọrụ kwụsiri ike na nzaghachi ngwa ngwa nke grid ugbu a na-adịghị ike. Njikọta nchekwa anya, nchekwa anya na njikọta chaja, mmepụta hydrogen fotovoltaic na ngwa ndị ọzọ ọhụrụ na nke ejikọtara ọnụ ga-aghọkwa ụzọ dị mkpa nwayọ, inverter ga-ewetakwa ohere mmepe ka ukwuu.