Na'urar inverter ta kasar Sin ta tashi sosai a kasuwar duniya

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin hasken rana, na'urar canza hasken rana ta hasken rana ba wai kawai tana da aikin canza hasken rana na DC/AC ba, har ma tana da aikin haɓaka aikin tantanin halitta na hasken rana da kuma aikin kariyar lahani na tsarin, wanda ke shafar ingancin samar da wutar lantarki na tsarin hasken rana.

A shekarar 2003, Sungrow Power, karkashin jagorancin Cao Renxian, shugaban kwalejin, ta ƙaddamar da injin lantarki na farko na China mai haɗin grid 10kW mai ikon amfani da hasken rana tare da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha mai zaman kansa. Amma har zuwa shekarar 2009, akwai ƙarancin kamfanonin inverter da ake samarwa a China, kuma adadi mai yawa na kayan aiki sun dogara ne da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje. An girmama adadi mai yawa na samfuran ƙasashen waje kamar Emerson, SMA, Siemens, Schneider da ABB.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, masana'antar inverter ta kasar Sin ta samu karuwar ci gaba. A shekarar 2010, manyan inverters guda 10 na photovoltaic a duniya sun mamaye kamfanonin Turai da Amurka. Duk da haka, nan da shekarar 2021, bisa ga kididdigar kasuwar inverter, kamfanonin inverter na kasar Sin sun kasance cikin sahun gaba a duniya.

A watan Yunin 2022, IHS Markit, wata cibiyar bincike mai iko a duniya, ta buga jerin sunayen kasuwannin inverter na PV na duniya na shekarar 2021. A cikin wannan jerin, an sami ƙarin canje-canje a cikin jerin kamfanonin inverter na PV na kasar Sin.

Tun daga shekarar 2015, Sungrow Power da Huawei su ne manyan kamfanoni biyu a fannin jigilar inverter na PV a duniya. Tare, suna da sama da kashi 40% na kasuwar inverter ta duniya. Kamfanin Jamus SMA, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin abin da ya fi dacewa ga kamfanonin inverter na PV na China a tarihi, ya ƙara raguwa a cikin jerin kasuwannin inverter na duniya a shekarar 2021, daga na uku zuwa na biyar. Kuma Jinlang Technology, kamfanin inverter na photovoltaic na China na bakwai a shekarar 2020, ya zarce tsohon kamfanin inverter kuma an ɗaukaka shi zuwa manyan "tauraro" uku a duniya.

Kamfanonin inverter na lantarki na kasar Sin sun zama manyan kamfanoni uku a duniya, inda suka samar da sabuwar tsarin "tripod". Bugu da kari, masana'antun inverter da Jinlang, Guriwat da Goodway suka wakilta sun hanzarta saurin zuwa teku kuma ana amfani da su sosai a Turai, Amurka, Latin Amurka da sauran kasuwanni; masana'antun kasashen waje kamar SMA, PE da SolerEdge har yanzu suna bin kasuwannin yanki kamar Turai, Amurka da Brazil, amma hannun jarin kasuwa ya ragu sosai.

Tashi da sauri

Kafin shekarar 2012, saboda barkewar kasuwar wutar lantarki ta lantarki a Turai da Amurka da sauran ƙasashe da kuma ci gaba da ƙaruwar ƙarfin da aka shigar, kasuwar wutar lantarki ta lantarki ta lantarki ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon kamfanonin Turai. A wancan lokacin, kamfanin wutar lantarki na Jamus SMA ya kai kashi 22% na kasuwar wutar lantarki ta duniya. A wannan lokacin, kamfanonin wutar lantarki na farko da aka kafa a China sun yi amfani da wannan yanayin kuma suka fara fitowa a matakin duniya. Bayan shekarar 2011, kasuwar wutar lantarki ta lantarki a Turai ta fara canzawa, kuma kasuwannin Ostiraliya da Arewacin Amurka suka bunƙasa. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na cikin gida suma sun biyo baya da sauri. An ruwaito cewa a shekarar 2012, kamfanonin wutar lantarki na China sun kai sama da kashi 50% na kasuwar Ostiraliya tare da fa'idar aiki mai tsada.

Tun daga shekarar 2013, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fitar da manufar farashin wutar lantarki, kuma an fara gudanar da ayyukan cikin gida a jere. Kasuwar wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta shiga cikin sauri a fannin ci gaba, kuma a hankali ta maye gurbin Turai a matsayin babbar kasuwa don shigar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki a duniya. A wannan yanayin, samar da wutar lantarki ta tsakiya ba ta da yawa, kuma hannun jarin kasuwa ya taba kusan kashi 90%. A halin yanzu, Huawei ta yanke shawarar shiga kasuwa da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta jerin, wadda za a iya daukarta a matsayin "juyawa biyu" na kasuwar Red Sea da kayayyakin da aka saba samarwa.

Shigar Huawei cikin fannin inverters na photovoltaic, a gefe guda, ya mayar da hankali ne kan fa'idodin ci gaban masana'antar photovoltaic. A lokaci guda, kera inverter yana da kamanceceniya da kasuwancin kayan sadarwa na "tsohon banki" na Huawei da kasuwancin sarrafa wutar lantarki. Yana iya kwafi fa'idodin fasahar ƙaura da sarkar samar da kayayyaki cikin sauri, shigo da masu samar da kayayyaki da ake da su, rage farashin bincike da haɓaka da siyan inverter sosai, da kuma samar da fa'idodi cikin sauri.

A shekarar 2015, Huawei ta kasance ta farko a kasuwar inverter PV ta duniya, kuma Sungrow Power ta zarce SMA a karon farko. Zuwa yanzu, inverter na photovoltaic na China ya lashe matsayi biyu mafi girma a duniya kuma ya kammala wasan "inverter".

Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2018, masana'antun inverter na PV na cikin gida sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma sun mamaye kasuwa cikin sauri da fa'idodin farashi. Kasuwar masana'antun inverter na tsofaffin samfuran ƙasashen waje ta ci gaba da fuskantar tasirin hakan. A fannin ƙananan masana'antun inverter, SolarEdge, Enphase da sauran manyan masana'antun inverter har yanzu suna iya mamaye wani kaso na kasuwa saboda fa'idodin alama da tashar su, yayin da a kasuwar manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic tare da gasa mai zafi a farashi, kason kasuwa na tsoffin masana'antun inverter na Turai da Japan kamar SMA, ABB, Schneider, TMEIC, Omron da sauransu yana raguwa.

Bayan shekarar 2018, wasu masana'antun inverter na ƙasashen waje sun fara janyewa daga kasuwancin inverter na PV. Ga manyan kamfanonin wutar lantarki, inverters na photovoltaic suna da ƙaramin kaso a cikin kasuwancinsu. ABB, Schneider da sauran masana'antun inverter suma sun janye daga kasuwancin inverter a jere.

Masana'antun inverter na ƙasar Sin sun fara hanzarta tsara kasuwannin ƙasashen waje. A ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2018, Sungrow Power ta fara amfani da tushen kera inverter mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki har zuwa 3GW a Indiya. Sannan, a ranar 27 ga Agusta, ta kafa cibiyar sabis ta gida a Amurka don ƙarfafa kayan aiki na jiran aiki a ƙasashen waje da kuma damar sabis na bayan-tallace-tallace. A lokaci guda, Huawei, Shagneng, Guriwat, Jinlang, Goodway da sauran masana'antun sun ƙara himma don haɓaka da faɗaɗa tsarinsu na ƙasashen waje. A lokaci guda, samfuran kamar Sanjing Electric, Shouhang New Energy da Mosuo Power sun fara neman sabbin damammaki a ƙasashen waje.

Ganin yanayin kasuwar ƙasashen waje, kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da samfuran da abokan ciniki a kasuwar yanzu sun cimma daidaito a fannin wadata da buƙata, kuma tsarin kasuwar ƙasashen duniya shi ma ya ƙarfafa. Duk da haka, wasu kasuwannin da ke tasowa har yanzu suna kan hanyar ci gaba kuma suna iya neman wasu ci gaba. Ci gaba da ci gaban kasuwannin da ke tasowa a ƙasashen waje zai kawo sabon ci gaba ga kamfanonin inverter na China.

Tun daga shekarar 2016, masana'antun inverter na kasar Sin sun kasance kan gaba a kasuwar inverter na photovoltaic a duniya. Abubuwa biyu na kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da kuma amfani da su a manyan fannoni sun haifar da raguwar farashin dukkan hanyoyin sadarwa na sarkar masana'antar PV, kuma farashin tsarin PV ya ragu da fiye da kashi 90% cikin shekaru 10. A matsayin babban kayan aikin tsarin PV, farashin inverter na PV a kowace watt ya ragu a hankali a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, daga fiye da yuan 1/W a farkon matakin zuwa kusan 0.1 ~ 0.2 yuan/W a shekarar 2021, kuma zuwa kusan 1/10 na wannan shekaru 10 da suka gabata.

Haɓaka rarrabuwa

A farkon matakin haɓaka wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar daukar hoto, masana'antun inverter sun mai da hankali kan rage farashin kayan aiki, inganta bin diddigin wutar lantarki mafi girma, da kuma canza makamashi mai inganci. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasaha da haɓaka aikace-aikacen tsarin, inverter ya haɗa ƙarin ayyuka, kamar kariyar PID da gyara sassan, haɗa kai da tallafin bin diddigi, tsarin tsaftacewa da sauran kayan aikin gefe, don inganta aikin dukkan tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar daukar hoto da kuma tabbatar da haɓaka kuɗin shiga na samar da wutar lantarki.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, yanayin amfani da inverters yana ƙaruwa, kuma suna buƙatar fuskantar yanayi daban-daban masu rikitarwa na ƙasa da yanayi mai tsanani, kamar yanayin zafi mai yawa na hamada, zafi mai yawa na teku da hazo mai yawa na gishiri. A gefe guda, inverter yana buƙatar biyan buƙatunsa na watsa zafi, a gefe guda kuma, yana buƙatar inganta matakin kariya don jure wa yanayi mai tsauri, wanda babu shakka yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu don ƙirar tsarin inverter da fasahar kayan aiki.

A ƙarƙashin manyan buƙatu don inganci da inganci na samar da wutar lantarki daga masu haɓaka, masana'antar inverter na photovoltaic tana haɓaka zuwa ga aminci mafi girma, ingancin juyawa da ƙarancin farashi.

Gasar kasuwa mai zafi ta kawo ci gaba da haɓaka fasaha. A cikin 2010 ko makamancin haka, babban yanayin da'irar PV inverter ya kasance mai matakai biyu, tare da ingancin juyawa kusan 97%. A yau, matsakaicin ingancin inverters na manyan masana'antun duniya gabaɗaya ya wuce 99%, kuma maƙasudin na gaba shine 99.5%. A cikin rabin na biyu na 2020, na'urorin photovoltaic sun ƙaddamar da na'urori masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi bisa girman guntu na silicon 182mm da 210mm. A cikin ƙasa da rabin shekara, kamfanoni da yawa kamar Huawei, Sungrow Power, TBEA, Kehua Digital Energy, Hewang, Guriwat, da Jinlang Technology sun biyo baya cikin sauri kuma a jere sun ƙaddamar da na'urori masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka dace da su.

A cewar bayanan ƙungiyar masana'antar hasken rana ta China, a halin yanzu, kasuwar inverter PV ta cikin gida har yanzu tana ƙarƙashin ikon inverter na igiya da inverter na tsakiya, yayin da sauran inverters na ƙananan da waɗanda aka rarraba suna da ƙaramin kaso. Tare da saurin karuwar kasuwar hasken rana da aka rarraba da kuma ƙaruwar adadin inverters na igiya a tashoshin wutar lantarki na tsakiya, jimlar adadin inverters na igiya ya ƙaru kowace shekara, wanda ya zarce kashi 60% a shekarar 2020, yayin da adadin inverters na tsakiya bai kai kashi 30% ba. A nan gaba, tare da amfani da inverters na jerin a manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasa, rabon kasuwarsu zai ƙara ƙaruwa.

Daga mahangar tsarin kasuwar inverter, tsarin masana'antu daban-daban ya nuna cewa samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana da kayayyakin SMA sun cika, kuma akwai kamfanonin inverter na tsakiya da na jerin inverter. Lantarki na Wutar Lantarki da Shagneng Electric galibi suna amfani da inverters na tsakiya. Huawei, SolarEdge, Jinlang Technology da Goodway duk sun dogara ne akan inverters na igiya, wanda samfuran Huawei galibi manyan inverters ne na igiya don manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasa da tsarin photovoltaic na masana'antu da kasuwanci, yayin da na ƙarshe uku galibi don kasuwar gida ne. Mahimmanci, Hemai da Yuneng Technology galibi suna amfani da ƙananan inverters.

A kasuwar duniya, nau'ikan inverters na series da centralized sune manyan nau'ikan. A China, kaso na kasuwa na inverter na tsakiya da series yana da karko a sama da kashi 90%.

A nan gaba, za a sami ci gaba a fannin inverters. A gefe guda, nau'ikan aikace-aikacen tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic suna da yawa, kuma aikace-aikace daban-daban kamar hamada, teku, rufin da aka rarraba, da BIPV suna ƙaruwa, tare da buƙatu daban-daban ga inverters. A gefe guda kuma, saurin haɓaka na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da sauran sabbin fasahohi, da kuma haɗakar AI, manyan bayanai, Intanet da sauran fasahohi, suma suna haifar da ci gaba a masana'antar inverter. Inverter yana haɓakawa zuwa ga ingantaccen aiki, matakin wutar lantarki mafi girma, ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi girma na DC, mafi wayo, mafi aminci, da ƙarfi a daidaita muhalli, da kuma aiki da kulawa da abokantaka.

Bugu da ƙari, tare da amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa a duniya, yawan shigar PV yana ƙaruwa, kuma inverter yana buƙatar samun ƙarfin tallafi mai ƙarfi don biyan buƙatun aiki mai ɗorewa da kuma saurin aikawa da martanin rarraba wutar lantarki mai rauni. Haɗin ajiyar gani, ajiyar gani da haɗakar caji, samar da hydrogen na photovoltaic da sauran aikace-aikacen kirkire-kirkire da haɗe-haɗe suma za su zama hanya mai mahimmanci a hankali, kuma inverter zai haifar da ƙarin sararin ci gaba.