Yiziphi izinzuzo zebhethri yokugcina amandla?

Indlela yobuchwepheshe yemboni yokugcina amandla yaseChina - isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical: Njengamanje, izinto ezijwayelekile ze-cathode zamabhethri e-lithium ikakhulukazi zifaka i-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), i-lithium manganese oxide (LMO), i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) nezinto ze-ternary. I-Lithium cobaltate iyinto yokuqala edayiswayo ye-cathode ene-voltage ephezulu, ukuminyana kompompi okuphezulu, ukwakheka okuzinzile nokuphepha okuhle, kodwa izindleko eziphezulu namandla aphansi. I-lithium manganenate inezindleko eziphansi kanye namandla kagesi aphezulu, kodwa ukusebenza komjikelezo wayo kubi futhi umthamo wayo nawo uphansi. Umthamo kanye nezindleko zezinto ze-ternary ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-nickel, i-cobalt ne-manganese (ngaphezu kwe-NCA). Ubuningi bamandla obuphelele bungaphezu kwalokho kwe-lithium iron phosphate ne-lithium cobaltate. I-lithium iron phosphate inezindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle kwebhayisikili nokuphepha okuhle, kodwa iplathifomu yayo yamandla kagesi iphansi futhi ukuminyana kwayo kuphansi, okubangela ukuminyana kwamandla sekukonke. Njengamanje, umkhakha wamandla ulawulwa yi-ternary ne-lithium iron, kanti umkhakha wokusetshenziswa ungaphezulu kwe-lithium cobalt. Izinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto zekhabhoni nezinto ezingezona ikhabhoni: izinto zekhabhoni zifaka igraphite yokwenziwa, igraphite yemvelo, i-mesophase carbon microspheres, i-soft carbon, i-hard carbon, njll; Izinto ezingezona ikhabhoni zihlanganisa i-lithium titanate, izinto ezisekelwe ku-silicon, izinto ezisekelwe ku-tin, njll. I-graphite yemvelo kanye ne-graphite yokwenziwa okwamanje isetshenziswa kakhulu. Nakuba i-graphite yemvelo inezinzuzo ezindleko kanye namandla athile, impilo yayo yomjikelezo iphansi futhi ukungaguquguquki kwayo kubi; Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo ze-graphite yokwenziwa zilinganiselwe, ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokujikeleza nokuhambisana okuhle ne-electrolyte. I-graphite yokwenziwa isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amabhethri amandla emoto amakhulu kanye namabhethri e-lithium omthengi aphezulu, kuyilapho i-graphite yemvelo isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium amancane kanye namabhethri e-lithium asetshenziselwa umthengi. Izinto ezisekelwe ku-silicon ezintweni ezingezona ikhabhoni zisaqhubeka nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa. Izihlukanisi zebhethri ye-lithium zingahlukaniswa zibe izihlukanisi ezomile nezihlukanisi ezimanzi ngokuya ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi ukumbozwa kwe-membrane emanzi kusihlukanisi esimanzi kuzoba umkhuba omkhulu. Inqubo emanzi kanye nenqubo eyomile inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Inqubo emanzi inosayizi omncane we-pore kanye nefilimu encane, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kukhulu, inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kukhulu. Inqubo eyomile ilula kakhulu, i-value-added ephezulu futhi ihambisana nemvelo, kodwa ubukhulu be-pore kanye ne-porosity kunzima ukuyilawula futhi umkhiqizo unzima ukuwunciphisa.

Indlela yobuchwepheshe yemboni yokugcina amandla yaseShayina - isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical: ibhethri lelead lelead yebhethri ye-lead (VRLA) ibhethri elinogesi owenziwe ngokuyinhloko ngomthofu ne-oxide yawo, kanti i-electrolyte iyisixazululo se-sulfuric acid. Esimweni sokushaja ibhethri le-lead-acid, ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode enhle i-lead dioxide, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode engalungile ingumthofu; Esimweni sokukhipha, izingxenye eziyinhloko zama-electrode amahle futhi angalungile yi-sulfate eholayo. Isimiso sokusebenza sebhethri le-asidi yomthofu ukuthi ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu iwuhlobo lwebhethri eline-carbon dioxide kanye ne-spongy metal lead njengento esebenzayo nenegethivu ngokulandelana, kanye nesixazululo se-sulfuric acid njenge-electrolyte. Izinzuzo zebhethri le-asidi yomthofu uchungechunge lwezimboni oseluvuthiwe, ukusetshenziswa okuphephile, ukugcinwa okulula, izindleko eziphansi, impilo ende yesevisi, ikhwalithi ezinzile, njll. Okubi isivinini sokushaja esihamba kancane, ukuminyana kwamandla aphansi, ukuphila komjikelezo omfushane, ukungcoliswa kalula, njll. Amabhethri e-lead-asidi asetshenziswa njengamandla okulinda kwezokuxhumana, i-electronic switch, i-ECR, izinsiza zamandla zokuxhumana ezincane amasistimu wokusekelayo, njll.), okokusebenza kwezimo eziphuthumayo, njll., futhi njengamandla ayinhloko ezintweni zokuxhumana, izitimela zokulawula ugesi (izimoto zokuthenga, izimoto ezizihambelayo, izimoto zikagesi), iziqalisi zamathuluzi ayimishini (izimbobo ezingenazintambo, izishayeli zikagesi, izihlibhi zikagesi), amathuluzi/izinsimbi zasembonini, amakhamera, njll.

Indlela yobuchwepheshe yemboni yokugcina amandla yaseShayina – isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical: ibhethri eligeleza uketshezi nebhethri le-sodium sulfur liquid liwuhlobo lwebhethri olungagcina ugesi futhi likhiphe ugesi ngokusabela kwe-electrochemical kwepheya kagesi encibilikayo ku-electrode engasebenzi. Isakhiwo se-monomer yebhethri evamile egeleza uketshezi ihlanganisa: ama-electrode amahle namabi; Igumbi le-electrode elizungezwe i-diaphragm ne-electrode; Ithangi le-Electrolyte, iphampu kanye nesistimu yamapayipi. Ibhethri eligeleza uketshezi liyidivayisi yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical ekwazi ukubona ukuguqulwa okufanayo kwamandla kagesi namandla amakhemikhali ngokusabela kokunciphisa i-oxidation kwezinto ezisebenzayo eziwuketshezi, ngaleyo ndlela ibone ukugcinwa nokukhululwa kwamandla kagesi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene kanye nezinhlelo ezithile zebhethri eligelezayo. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela zamasistimu ebhethri eligeleza uketshezi acwaningwa ngokujula emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa ibhethri eligelezayo le-vanadium liquid, ibhethri le-zinc-bromine liquid flow, ibhethri le-iron-chromium liquid flow kanye nebhethri le-sodium polysulfide/bromine liquid flow. Ibhethri ye-sodium-sulphur yakhiwe i-electrode eqondile, i-electrode engalungile, i-electrolyte, i-diaphragm negobolondo, ehlukile kunebhethri evamile yesibili (ibhethri le-lead-acid, ibhethri ye-nickel-cadmium, njll.). Ibhethri ye-sodium-sulphur yakhiwe i-electrode encibilikisiwe kanye ne-electrolyte eqinile. Isithako esisebenzayo se-electrode engeyinhle yi-sodium yensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi into esebenzayo ye-electrode enhle iyisulfure ewuketshezi kanye nosawoti we-sodium polysulfide oncibilikisiwe. I-anode yebhethri ye-sodium-sulfur yenziwe ngesulfure ewuketshezi, i-cathode yenziwe nge-sodium ewuketshezi, kanti ishubhu ye-beta-aluminium yezinto zobumba ihlukaniswa phakathi. Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lebhethri kufanele ligcinwe lingaphezu kuka-300 ° C ukuze kugcinwe i-electrode isesimweni sokuncibilika. Indlela yobuchwepheshe yemboni yokugcina amandla yaseShayina - i-fuel cell: i-hydrogen energy storage cell I-hydrogen fuel cell iyithuluzi eliguqula ngokuqondile amandla amakhemikhali e-hydrogen abe amandla kagesi. Isimiso esiyisisekelo siwukuthi i-hydrogen ingena ku-anode yengqamuzana likaphethiloli, ibola ibe ama-proton egesi nama-electron ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, futhi ama-hydrogen protons akhiwe adlule kulwelwesi lokushintshana kwe-proton ukuze afinyelele ku-cathode ye-fuel cell futhi ahlangane nomoya-mpilo ukuze akhiqize amanzi, Ama-electron afinyelela ku-cathode yengqamuzana likaphethiloli ngokusebenzisa isifunda sangaphandle ukuze enze i-current. Empeleni, iyisisetshenziswa sokukhiqiza amandla kagesi. Usayizi wemakethe wemboni yokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke - umthamo omusha ofakiwe wemboni yokugcina amandla uphindwe kabili - usayizi wemakethe wemboni yokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele - amabhethri e-lithium-ion asewuhlobo olujwayelekile lokugcina amandla - amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezinzuzo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa, ukusabela okusheshayo, njalonjalo, futhi okwamanje ayisilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu somthamo ofakiwe ngaphandle kwesitoreji esipompowe. Ngokusho kwephepha elimhlophe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yaseChina (2022) ekhishwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-EVTank kanye ne-Ivy Institute of Economics. Ngokwemininingwane yephepha elimhlophe, ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa okuphelele emhlabeni wonke kwamabhethri e-lithium ion kuzoba ngu-562.4GWh, okuwukunyuka okuphawulekayo kwama-91% unyaka nonyaka, futhi isabelo saso ekufakweni okusha kokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke kuzodlula ama-90%. Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zokugcina amandla ezifana nebhethri ye-vanadium-flow, ibhethri ye-sodium-ion nomoya ocindezelweyo nazo seziqalile ukuthola ukunakwa okwengeziwe eminyakeni yamuva, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion isenezinzuzo ezinkulu mayelana nokusebenza, izindleko kanye nezimboni. Esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion izoba yindlela eyinhloko yokugcina amandla emhlabeni, futhi ingxenye yayo ekufakweni okusha kokugcina amandla izohlala isezingeni eliphezulu.

I-Longrun-energy igxile emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla futhi ihlanganisa isizinda sesevisi yokuhlinzeka amandla ukuze inikeze izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezimo zasendlini nezimboni nezentengiselwano, okuhlanganisa ukuklama, ukuqeqeshwa komhlangano, izixazululo zemakethe, ukulawula izindleko, ukuphatha, ukusebenza nokugcinwa, njll. Njengoba iminyaka eminingi yokubambisana nabakhiqizi bebhethri abaziwayo nabakhi be-inverter, sifinyeze ubuchwepheshe kanye nesipiliyoni sokuthuthukiswa ukuze sakhe isisekelo sesevisi esihlanganisiwe.