Ucwaningo Lwakamuva Ngamaphaneli E-Photovoltaic

Njengamanje, abacwaningi basebenza ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko zocwaningo lwe-photovoltaics: i-crystalline silicon, i-perovskites kanye namaseli elanga aguquguqukayo. Lezi zindawo ezintathu ziyahambisana, futhi zinamandla okwenza ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic busebenze kangcono.

I-crystalline silicon iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqhubeni amandla kagesi kumaphaneli elanga. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo kahle kungaphansi kakhulu komkhawulo wethiyori. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi sebeqalile ukugxila ekwakheni ama-PV acwebezelayo athuthukile. I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory okwamanje igxile ekwakheni izinto ze-III-V multijunction okulindeleke ukuthi zibe namazinga okusebenza kahle afinyelela ku-30%.

Ama-Perovskite awuhlobo olusha lweseli lelanga oluye lwabonakala muva nje ukuthi lusebenza kahle futhi lusebenza kahle. Lezi zinto zibizwa nangokuthi "ama-photosynthetic complexes." Aye asetshenziswa ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli elanga. Kulindeleke ukuthi athengiswe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-silicon, ama-perovskite ashibhile futhi anezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa ezingaba khona.

Ama-Perovskite angahlanganiswa nezinto ze-silicon ukuze kudalwe iseli lelanga elisebenzayo nelihlala isikhathi eside. Amaseli elanga e-Perovskite crystal angaba ngcono ngamaphesenti angama-20 kune-silicon. Izinto ze-Perovskite ne-Si-PV nazo zibonise amazinga okusebenza kahle afinyelela kumaphesenti angama-28. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe be-bifacial obuvumela amaseli elanga ukuthi athole amandla kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zephaneli. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano, njengoba konga imali ezindlekweni zokufaka.

Ngaphezu kwama-perovskite, abacwaningi bahlola nezinto ezingasebenza njengezithwali zokushaja noma izithambisi zokukhanya. Lezi zinto zingasiza futhi ekwenzeni amaseli elanga abe ngcono. Zingasiza futhi ekudaleni amaphaneli angathinteki kalula ekulimaleni.

Abacwaningi okwamanje basebenza ekudaleni iseli yelanga i-Tandem Perovskite esebenza kahle kakhulu. Leli seli kulindeleke ukuthi lithengiswe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Abacwaningi babambisana noMnyango Wezamandla wase-US kanye ne-National Science Foundation.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi basebenza nezindlela ezintsha zokuqoqa amandla elanga ebumnyameni. Lezi zindlela zifaka phakathi ukuhluzwa kwelanga, okusebenzisa ukushisa okuvela ephanelini ukuhlanza amanzi. Lezi zindlela ziyahlolwa eStanford University.

Abacwaningi baphenya nokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi e-thermoradiative PV. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa ukushisa okuvela kuphaneli ukukhiqiza ugesi ebusuku. Lobu buchwepheshe bungaba usizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo lapho ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli kulinganiselwe khona. Izinga lokushisa lamaseli lingakhuphuka lifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-25degC ophahleni olumnyama. Amaseli angapholiswa ngamanzi, okwenza asebenze kangcono.

Laba bacwaningi basanda kuthola ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli elanga aguquguqukayo. Lawa maphaneli angamelana nokucwiliswa emanzini futhi alula kakhulu. Ayakwazi futhi ukumelana nokugingqika yimoto. Ucwaningo lwabo lusekelwa yi-Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program. Bakwazile futhi ukuthuthukisa indlela entsha yokuhlola amaseli e-PV.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva ngamaphaneli e-photovoltaic lugxile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle, obungabizi kakhulu, futhi obuhlala isikhathi eside. Le mizamo yocwaningo yenziwa amaqembu ahlukahlukene e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo kakhulu buhlanganisa amaseli elanga esizukulwane sesibili acwebezelayo kanye namaseli elanga aguquguqukayo.