Imithombo Emisha Yamandla – Izitayela Zemboni

Ukwanda kwesidingo samandla ahlanzekile kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Le mithombo ihlanganisa amandla elanga, umoya, amandla okushisa komhlaba, amandla okusebenzisa amanzi, kanye namafutha emvelo. Naphezu kwezinselele ezifana nemikhawulo yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukushoda kokunikezwa kwempahla, kanye nezingcindezi zezindleko zokuhamba, imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo izohlala iyindlela enamandla eminyakeni ezayo.

Intuthuko entsha kwezobuchwepheshe yenze ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwaba ngokoqobo emabhizinisini amaningi. Amandla elanga, isibonelo, manje angumthombo wamandla okhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Google ne-Amazon sezisungule amapulazi azo amandla avuselelekayo ukuze zinikeze amandla ebhizinisini lazo. Zisebenzise futhi amathuba emali ukuze zenze amamodeli ebhizinisi avuselelekayo afinyeleleke kalula.

Amandla omoya angumthombo wesibili ngobukhulu wokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Asetshenziswa ama-turbine ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ama-turbine avame ukutholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ama-turbine angaba nomsindo futhi angalimaza izilwane zasendle zasendaweni. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza ugesi kusuka ku-PV yomoya kanye nelanga manje zishibhile kunezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle. Amanani ale mithombo yamandla avuselelekayo nawo ehle kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-bio nakho kuyakhula. I-United States njengamanje ihamba phambili ekukhiqizweni kwamandla e-bio. I-India neJalimane nazo zingabaholi kulo mkhakha. Amandla e-bio afaka imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye ne-biofuel. Ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kuyanda emazweni amaningi futhi lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Ubuchwepheshe benyukliya buyanda. EJapane, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqalwe kabusha amandla enuzi angu-4.2 GW ngo-2022. Ezingxenyeni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu, izinhlelo zokususa i-carbon dioxide zifaka phakathi amandla enuzi. EJalimane, amandla enuzi angu-4 GW asele azovalwa kulo nyaka. Izinhlelo zokususa i-carbon dioxide ezingxenyeni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu naseShayina zifaka phakathi amandla enuzi.

Isidingo samandla kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula, futhi isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni sizoqhubeka sikhula. Ukuntuleka kwamandla emhlabeni wonke kuqhubekisele phambili izingxoxo zenqubomgomo mayelana namandla avuselelekayo. Amazwe amaningi asebenzise noma acabangela izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Amanye amazwe nawo aqalise izidingo zokugcina izinsiza ezivuselelekayo. Lokhu kuzowenza akwazi ukuhlanganisa kangcono imikhakha yawo yamandla neminye imikhakha. Ukwanda kwamandla okugcina kuzophinde kukhulise ukuncintisana kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.

Njengoba ijubane lokungena kabusha kugridi likhula, kuzodingeka ukusungula izinto ezintsha ukuze kuhambisane nesivinini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda. Isibonelo, uMnyango Wezamandla usanda kwethula uhlelo "lokwakha igridi engcono". Umgomo walolu hlelo ukuthuthukisa imigqa yokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu ebanga elide engabhekana nokwanda kwemishini evuselelekayo.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwamandla avuselelekayo, izinkampani zamandla zendabuko nazo zizohlukahluka ukuze zifake amandla avuselelekayo. Lezi zinkampani cishe zizofuna abakhiqizi abavela e-United States ukuze basize ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo. Eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ezayo, umkhakha wamandla uzobukeka uhlukile. Ngaphezu kwezinkampani zamandla zendabuko, inani elikhulayo lamadolobha limemezele imigomo emikhulu yamandla ahlanzekile. Amaningi ala madolobha asevele azibophezele ekutholeni ugesi wawo ongu-70% noma ngaphezulu kusuka kugesi ovuselelekayo.