Amathrendi Avelayo Ekusungulweni Kwebhethri Lamandla Omhlaba Wonke

Amazwe emhlabeni wonke agijimela ukuthuthukisa izinto zebhethri kanye nezakhiwo ukuze kufezwe ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha samabhethri anamandla asebenza kahle futhi angabizi kakhulu ngo-2025.

Uma kukhulunywa ngezinto ze-electrode, umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuthuthukisa ubuningi bamandla ebhethri lamandla kanye nokunciphisa izindleko uhilela ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-nickel, uma kubhekwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuntuleka kwezinsiza kanye nesidingo esikhulayo. Izinkampani ezinkulu zamabhethri anamandla njenge-Panasonic, LG, kanye ne-CATL zigxile kumabhethri angenayo i-cobalt ephansi kanye ne-cobalt njengesizukulwane esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri anamandla. Isidingo esikhulayo sobuningi bamandla aphezulu ngenxa yokufakwa kukagesi okujulile sicindezela imikhawulo ephezulu yamandla ezintweni ze-lithium-ion graphite anode. Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-silicon-carbon anode nezinto ze-ternary ze-nickel ephezulu kuba umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlanganiswa kwephekhi yebhethri, ukucushwa kwemodyuli yendabuko kusebenzisa cishe u-40% wesikhala esitholakalayo. Ukugxila okuyinhloko kokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zebhethri kusezindleleni zamaseli ezihlanganisiwe nezihlelekile, imodyuli, kanye nokupakisha. Amasu anjengokuhlanganisa amaseli ngqo kumaphekhi ebhethri (ubuchwepheshe be-CTP) noma ukuhlanganisa izivikelo zephekhi yebhethri nemizimba yezimoto (ubuchwepheshe be-CTC) avela njengamasu okwenza ngcono.

Ukwehlukahluka kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwamabhethri e-solid-state ngo-2030.

Njengamanje, amabhethri e-sodium-ion asesigabeni sokuqala sokuhweba, kodwa anqunyelwe umkhawulo wobuningi bawo bamandla. Ngo-2030, amabhethri e-sodium-ion asekulungele ukwengeza amabhethri e-lithium-ion futhi athole izinhlelo zokusebenza ekugcineni amandla kanye nezimoto zikagesi ezisheshayo ezithinta amanani. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri lesimo esiqinile kuyashesha, ngamabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo afana nama-watt-hours angu-500 ngekhilogramu amabhethri esimo esiqinile kanye namabhethri e-lithium-sulfur kulindeleke ukuthi angene emakethe ngezinga elikhulu cishe ngo-2030. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ngamabhethri ensimbi-umoya asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye namabhethri ensimbi-hydrogen ashibhile kulindeleke ukuthi aholele ekuthuthukisweni kokusetshenziswa ngemva kuka-2030.

Imizamo yokuvuselela amabhethri kagesi kanye nokuphathwa komjikelezo wokuphila okuphelele kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yizithiyo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo.

I-European Union ikhiphe uMthetho Webhethri Elisha kanye ne-New Battery Strategy Research and Innovation Agenda, ibeka "umkhawulo oluhlaza" wemikhiqizo yebhethri lamandla. Izithiyo zamasu kanye nekhabhoni zamabhethri lamandla cishe zizokhuphuka, okugcizelela ukubaluleka okwandayo kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwamabhethri ngezimfanelo zawo zamasu kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. I-EU isho ngokusobala ukuthi ngo-2031, amazinga okutakula ajwayelekile e-cobalt, nickel, kanye nethusi kumele afinyelele ku-95%, kuthi i-lithium ibe ku-80%. Ukuqaliswa "komkhawulo oluhlaza" kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvuselelwa kabusha kwamabhethri kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo embonini yezinsiza ezivuselelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethulwa "kwamapasipoti ebhethri" kuzokwenza kube lula ukwabelana ngedatha kanye nokuhlangana kwamamodeli okuphathwa kwebhethri, kuthuthukiswe ukucaca kanye nokulandeleka kokuphathwa kwedatha yomjikelezo wokuphila kwebhethri lamandla.

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