Imakethe yokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo yaseShayina ngo-2023

Ngomhlaka-13 kuNhlolanja, i-National Energy Administration ibibambe ingqungquthela yabezindaba njalo eBeijing. UWang Dapeng, iPhini likaMqondisi woMnyango Wezamandla Amasha Navuselelekayo we-National Energy Administration, wethule ukuthi ngo-2022, amandla amasha afakiwe okuphehla ugesi ngomoya kanye ne-photovoltaic ezweni azodlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-120, afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-125, aphule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-100 iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, futhi afinyelele irekhodi elisha eliphakeme.

ULiu Yafang, iphini lomqondisi woMnyango Wezokulondolozwa Kwamandla kanye Nemishini Yesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe be-National Energy Administration, uthe ekupheleni kuka-2022, amandla afakiwe amaphrojekthi amasha okugcina amandla asebenza ezweni lonke afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-8.7, nesikhathi sokugcina amandla esimaphakathi esingamahora angaba ngu-2.1, okuwukwenyuka okungaphezu kuka-110% ekupheleni kuka-2021.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphansi komgomo we-dual-carbon, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha okukhuphukayo njengamandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kuye kwashesha, kuyilapho ukuguquguquka kanye nokungahleliwe kwamandla amasha kuye kwaba ubunzima ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi okuzinzile. Ukwabiwa kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla amasha kuye kwaba yinto eyinhloko kancane kancane, enemisebenzi yokucindezela ukuguquguquka kwamandla amasha okukhipha amandla, ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, ukunciphisa ukuphambuka kohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla, kanye nokunciphisa ukuminyana kokudlulisela.

Ngo-Ephreli 21, 2021, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke kanye ne-National Energy Administration bakhiphe i-Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of New Energy Storage futhi bacela imibono emphakathini wonke. Yacacisa ngokusobala ukuthi amandla afakiwe okugcina amandla amasha azofinyelela kuma-kilowatts angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 ngo-2025. Ngokwezibalo, ekupheleni kuka-2020, iShayina isiqalise ukusebenza amandla ahlanganisiwe okugcina amandla kagesi angama-megawatts angu-3269.2, noma ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-3.3, ngokusho komgomo wokufaka ophakanyisiwe kulo mbhalo, Ngo-2025, amandla afakiwe okugcina amandla kagesi eShayina azokhula cishe izikhathi eziyi-10.

Namuhla, ngentuthuko esheshayo yokugcina amandla e-PV+, kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nemakethe, sinjani isimo sentuthuko yemakethe yokugcina amandla? Kuthiwani ngokusebenza kwesiteshi samandla sokugcina amandla esiqalisiwe ukusebenza? Ingabe singadlala indima yaso efanele kanye nenani laso?

Isitoreji esifika ku-30%!

Kusukela kokuzikhethela kuya kokuphoqelekile, kukhishwe umyalelo wokwabiwa kwesitoreji oqinile kakhulu

Ngokwezibalo ze-International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), kuze kube manje, amazwe angama-25 akhiphe izinqubomgomo zokucacisa izidingo ezithile zokucushwa nokugcinwa kwe-photovoltaic. Ngokuvamile, izifunda eziningi zidinga ukuthi isilinganiso sokusatshalaliswa nokugcinwa kweziteshi zamandla ze-photovoltaic sibe phakathi kuka-5% no-30% womthamo ofakiwe, isikhathi sokucushwa ikakhulukazi amahora angu-2-4, kanti izifunda ezimbalwa ziyihora eli-1.

Phakathi kwazo, iZaozhuang City of Shandong Province icabangele ngokucacile isikali sentuthuko, izici zomthwalo, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-photovoltaic nezinye izici, futhi yahlela izindawo zokugcina amandla ngokuya ngomthamo ofakiwe ongu-15% - 30% (olungisiwe ngokuya ngesigaba sentuthuko) kanye nobude bamahora angu-2-4, noma yaqasha izindawo zokugcina amandla ezabiwe ezinomthamo ofanayo, osekuwumkhawulo wezidingo zamanje zokusatshalaliswa nokugcinwa kwe-photovoltaic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iShaanxi, iGansu, iHenan nezinye izindawo zidinga isilinganiso sokusatshalaliswa nokugcinwa sifinyelele ku-20%.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iGuizhou ikhiphe idokhumenti yokucacisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi amasha kagesi kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kwamahora amabili ngokwakha noma ukuthenga isitoreji samandla ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-10% womthamo ofakiwe wamandla amasha (isilinganiso sokuxhumanisa singalungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngesimo sangempela) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulu sokushefa; Kumaphrojekthi amasha amandla ngaphandle kwesitoreji samandla, uxhumano lwegridi ngeke lucatshangelwe okwesikhashana, okungabhekwa njengohlelo oluqinile kakhulu lokwabiwa nokugcinwa.

Imishini yokugcina amandla:

Kunzima ukwenza inzuzo futhi intshiseko yamabhizinisi ngokuvamile ayiphezulu

Ngokwezibalo ze-International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), ngo-2022, kwasayinwa/kwahlelwa amaphrojekthi okugcina amandla omoya nelanga angu-83 ezweni lonke, ngesilinganiso sephrojekthi esicacile esingu-191.553GW kanye nenani lokutshalwa kwezimali elicacile elingu-663.346 billion yuan.

Phakathi kosayizi bephrojekthi echaziwe, i-Inner Mongolia isendaweni yokuqala ngo-53.436GW, i-Gansu isendaweni yesibili ngo-47.307GW, kanti i-Heilongjiang isendaweni yesithathu ngo-15.83GW. Osayizi bephrojekthi yezifundazwe zaseGuizhou, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Shandong, kanye ne-Anhui bonke badlula i-1GW

Nakuba ukwabiwa kwamandla amasha kanye neziteshi zamandla okugcina amandla sekukhule kakhulu, iziteshi zamandla okugcina amandla eziqalisiwe ukusebenza sezingene esimweni esikhathazayo. Inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi okusekela okugcina amandla asesigabeni sokungaqhubeki futhi kancane kancane aba yisimo esihlazisayo.

Ngokusho kwe-“Research Report on the Operation of New Energy Distribution and Storage” ekhishwe yi-China Electricity Union, izindleko zamaphrojekthi okugcina amandla ziphakathi kuka-1500-3000 yuan/kWh. Ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene zemingcele, umehluko wezindleko phakathi kwamaphrojekthi mkhulu. Ngokwesimo sangempela, inzuzo yamaphrojekthi amaningi okugcina amandla ayiphezulu.

Lokhu akuhlukaniseki nemingcele yeqiniso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, maqondana nokufinyelela emakethe, izimo zokufinyelela zeziteshi zamandla okugcina amandla ukuze zihlanganyele emakethe yokuhweba ngezindawo zikagesi azikacaciswa, futhi imithetho yokuhweba ayikakathuthukiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, maqondana nendlela yokulinganisa amanani, ukusungulwa kwendlela yokulinganisa amanani yamandla ezitezi zamandla okugcina amandla ohlangothini lwegridi akukabambezeleki, futhi imboni iyonke isantula umqondo ophelele webhizinisi wokuqondisa imali yomphakathi kuphrojekthi yokugcina amandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zokugcina amandla amasha ziphezulu futhi ukusebenza kahle kuphansi, Ukuntuleka kweziteshi zokuhambisa. Ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba efanele, njengamanje, izindleko zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla amasha kanye nokugcina zithwalwa amabhizinisi amasha okuthuthukisa amandla, angadluliselwa phansi. Izindleko zamabhethri e-lithium ion zikhuphukile, okulethe ingcindezi enkulu yokusebenza kumabhizinisi amasha amandla futhi kwathinta izinqumo zokutshalwa kwezimali zamabhizinisi amasha okuthuthukisa amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni emibili edlule, njengoba intengo yezinto ze-silicon ephezulu kochungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic ikhuphuka, intengo iyashintshashintsha kakhulu. Kumabhizinisi amasha amandla anokusatshalaliswa nokugcinwa okuphoqelelwe, Akungabazeki ukuthi izici ezimbili zenezele umthwalo wamabhizinisi amasha okukhiqiza amandla, ngakho-ke intshiseko yamabhizinisi yokwabiwa nokugcinwa kwamandla amasha ngokuvamile iphansi.

Imikhawulo eyinhloko:

Inkinga yokuphepha kokugcinwa kwamandla isazoxazululwa, futhi ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwesiteshi sikagesi kunzima.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, izinhlobo ezintsha zokugcina amandla ziye zachuma futhi zasetshenziswa kabanzi, kuyilapho ukuphepha kokugcina amandla kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, kusukela ngo-2018, kuye kwenzeka izehlakalo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zokuqhuma kwebhethri lokugcina amandla nomlilo emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ukuqhuma kweBeijing Energy Storage Power Station ngo-Ephreli 16, 2021, okwabangela ukufa kwabacimi bomlilo ababili, ukulimala komcimi womlilo oyedwa, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana kwesisebenzi esisodwa esiteshini sikagesi. Imikhiqizo yamanje yebhethri yokugcina amandla ivezwe ezinkingeni ezifana nokuphepha okunganele nokuthembeka, isiqondiso esibuthakathaka sezindinganiso nezincazelo ezifanele, ukuqaliswa okunganele kwezinyathelo zokuphatha ukuphepha, kanye nesixwayiso sokuphepha esingaphelele kanye nendlela yokuphuthumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezindleko eziphakeme, abanye abakhi bephrojekthi yokugcina amandla bakhethe imikhiqizo yokugcina amandla engasebenzi kahle kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali eziphansi, okwandisa nengozi yokuphepha engaba khona. Kungashiwo ukuthi inkinga yokuphepha iyisici esiyinhloko esithinta intuthuko enempilo nezinzile yesilinganiso esisha sokugcina amandla, okudingeka sixazululwe ngokushesha.

Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza nokugcinwa kwesiteshi sikagesi, ngokusho kombiko we-China Electricity Union, inani lamaseli e-electrochemical likhulu, futhi ubukhulu benani lamaseli angawodwa ephrojekthi yokugcina amandla bufinyelele emashumini ezinkulungwane noma ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane zamazinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokwehla kwenani, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla, ukubola komthamo webhethri nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo kuzokhulisa kakhulu izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kwesiteshi sikagesi sonke sokugcina amandla, okunzima kakhulu ukusinakekela; Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kweziteshi zikagesi zokugcina amandla kuhilela ugesi, amakhemikhali, ukulawula kanye neminye imikhakha. Njengamanje, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kubanzi, futhi ubungcweti babasebenzi bokusebenza nokugcinwa kudingeka buthuthukiswe.

Amathuba nezinselele zihlala zihamba ndawonye. Singayisebenzisa kanjani indima yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla amasha kanye nokugcinwa kwawo futhi sinikeze izimpendulo ezanelisayo zokufezwa komgomo we-dual-carbon?

I-“Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy Systems”, exhaswe yi-International Energy Network, Photovoltaic Headlines and Energy Storage Headlines, enesihloko esithi “New Energy, New Systems and New Ecology”, izobanjelwa eBeijing ngomhlaka-21 kuNhlolanja. Okwamanje, i-“7th China Photovoltaic Industry Forum” izobanjelwa eBeijing ngomhlaka-22 kuNhlolanja.

Iforamu ihlose ukwakha ipulatifomu yokushintshana esekwe enanini lemboni ye-photovoltaic. Iforamu imema abaholi, ochwepheshe kanye nezazi ze-National Development and Reform Commission, i-Energy Administration, ochwepheshe abanegunya embonini, izinhlangano zezimboni, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi, izikhungo zokuklama kanye nezinye izikhungo, kanye namabhizinisi okutshala imali kagesi njenge-Huaneng, i-National Energy Group, i-National Power Investment Corporation, i-China Energy Conservation, i-Datang, i-Three Gorges, i-China Nuclear Power Corporation, i-China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, i-State Grid, i-China Southern Power Grid, kanye namabhizinisi okukhiqiza uchungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic, Ochwepheshe abafana namabhizinisi okuhlanganisa izinhlelo kanye namabhizinisi e-EPC kufanele baxoxe ngokugcwele futhi bashintshane ngezihloko ezishisayo ezifana nenqubomgomo yemboni ye-photovoltaic, ubuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kanye nesitayela kumongo wesistimu entsha yamandla, futhi basize imboni ukuthi iqede ukufeza intuthuko ehlanganisiwe.

I-“Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy System” izoxoxa futhi ixoxe ngezinkinga ezishisayo ezifana nenqubomgomo yemboni yokugcina amandla, ubuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-optical, njll., kanye namabhizinisi afana ne-National Energy Group, i-Trina Solar, i-Easter Group, i-Chint New Energy, i-Kehua Digital Energy, i-Baoguang Zhizhong, i-Aishiwei Storage, i-Shouhang New Energy izogxila ezinkingeni okufanele zinqotshwe ekwakheni i-ecosystem entsha kumongo we-“dual carbon”, futhi ifinyelele intuthuko ephumelelayo nezinzile ye-ecosystem entsha, inikeze imibono emisha kanye nokuqonda.