Uphando lwamva nje ngeePaneli zePhotovoltaic

Okwangoku, abaphandi basebenza kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili zophando lwe-photovoltaics: i-crystalline silicon, i-perovskites kunye neeseli zelanga eziguquguqukayo. Ezi ndawo zintathu ziyahambelana, kwaye zinamandla okwenza itekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic isebenze ngakumbi.

I-crystalline silicon yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-semiconducting panels. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kungaphantsi kakhulu komda wethiyori. Ke ngoko, abaphandi baqalise ukugxila ekuphuhliseni ii-PV zekristale eziphambili. I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory okwangoku igxile ekuphuhliseni izixhobo ze-III-V multijunction ezilindeleke ukuba zibe namanqanaba okusebenza afikelela kwi-30%.

IiPerovskites luhlobo olutsha lweeseli zelanga eziye zabonakala kutshanje ukuba ziyasebenza kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Ezi zinto zikwabizwa ngokuba "zii-photosynthetic complexes." Ziye zasetyenziswa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli zelanga. Kulindeleke ukuba zithengiswe kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nesilicon, iiperovskites azibizi kakhulu kwaye zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezinokubakho.

IiPerovskite zinokudityaniswa nezinto zesilicon ukwenza iseli yelanga esebenzayo nehlala ixesha elide. Iiseli zelanga zekristale zePerovskite zinokuba ngcono ngama-20 ekhulwini kunesilicon. Izinto zePerovskite kunye neSi-PV nazo zibonise amanqanaba okusebenza kakuhle afikelela kuma-28 ekhulwini. Ukongeza, abaphandi baphuhlise itekhnoloji ye-bifacial evumela iiseli zelanga ukuba ziqokelele amandla kumacala omabini ephaneli. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo zorhwebo, njengoko konga imali kwiindleko zokufakela.

Ukongeza kwi-perovskites, abaphandi bakwahlola izinto ezinokusebenza njengee-charge carriers okanye i-light absorbers. Ezi zinto zinokunceda ekwenzeni ii-solar cells zibe zezona zingabizi kakhulu. Zinokunceda nasekudaleni iipaneli ezingonakaliswa kakhulu.

Abaphandi okwangoku basebenza ekudaleni iseli yelanga yeTandem Perovskite esebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Le seli kulindeleke ukuba ithengiswe kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Abaphandi basebenzisana neSebe leMandla laseMelika kunye neNational Science Foundation.

Ukongeza, abaphandi basebenza nakwiindlela ezintsha zokuqokelela amandla elanga ebumnyameni. Ezi ndlela ziquka i-solar distillation, esebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kwiphaneli ukucoca amanzi. Ezi ndlela ziyavavanywa kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford.

Abaphandi bakwaphanda ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-thermoradiative PV. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kwiphaneli ukuvelisa umbane ebusuku. Le teknoloji inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko ezibandayo apho ukusebenza kakuhle kwephaneli kulinganiselwe. Ubushushu beeseli bunokunyuka bufikelele kuma-25degC eluphahleni olumnyama. Iiseli zinokupholiswa ngamanzi, nto leyo eyenza zisebenze ngakumbi.

Aba baphandi bafumanise kutshanje ukusetyenziswa kweeseli zelanga eziguquguqukayo. Ezi paneli zinokumelana nokuntywiliselwa emanzini kwaye zilula kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nokugilwa yimoto. Uphando lwabo luxhaswa yi-Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program. Bakwazile nokuphuhlisa indlela entsha yokuvavanya iiseli ze-PV.

Uphando lwamva nje ngeephaneli ze-photovoltaic lugxile ekuphuhliseni ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kakuhle, obungabizi kakhulu, nobuhlala ixesha elide. Le mizamo yophando yenziwa ngamaqela amaninzi eMelika nakwihlabathi liphela. Ezona teknoloji zithembisayo ziquka iiseli zelanga zesizukulwana sesibini ezithambileyo kunye neeseli zelanga eziguquguqukayo.