Imithombo Emitsha Yamandla – Iindlela Zoshishino

Ukwanda kwemfuno yamandla acocekileyo kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Le mithombo ibandakanya amandla elanga, omoya, obushushu bomhlaba, amandla e-hydropower, kunye ne-biofuels. Nangona kukho imingeni efana nemida yokubonelela ngeenkonzo, ukunqongophala kokubonelela ngeenkonzo, kunye noxinzelelo lweendleko zokuhamba, imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo iya kuhlala iyindlela enamandla kwiminyaka ezayo.

Inkqubela phambili entsha kwezobuchwepheshe yenze ukuveliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwaba yinyani kumashishini amaninzi. Umzekelo, amandla elanga ngoku ngumthombo wamandla okhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela. Iinkampani ezifana neGoogle kunye neAmazon ziye zaseka iifama zazo zamandla avuselelekayo ukuze zinike amandla kumashishini azo. Zikwasebenzise ithuba lokuphumla kwemali ukwenza iimodeli zoshishino ezivuselelekayo zibe lula ukuzifikelela.

Amandla omoya ngumthombo wesibini ngobukhulu wokuveliswa kombane. Asetyenziswa ziiturbine ukuvelisa umbane. Iiturbine zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo zasemaphandleni. Iiturbine zinokuba nomsindo kwaye zingonakalisa izilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane ezivela kumoya kunye ne-solar PV ngoku zibiza kancinci kunezityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle. Amaxabiso ale mithombo yamandla avuselelekayo nawo ehle kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.

Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-bio nako kuyakhula. I-United States okwangoku ikhokela ekuvelisweni kwamandla e-bio. I-India ne-Germany nazo zikhokela kweli candelo. Amandla e-bio aquka iimveliso zezolimo kunye ne-biofuels. Imveliso yezolimo iyanda kumazwe amaninzi kwaye oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kwemveliso yamandla avuselelekayo.

Itekhnoloji yenyukliya nayo iyanda. EJapan, kulindeleke ukuba kuqaliswe kwakhona amandla enyukliya angama-4.2 GW ngo-2022. Kwiindawo zaseMpuma Yurophu, izicwangciso zokususa iigesi ezingcolisayo ziquka amandla enyukliya. EJamani, amandla enyukliya aseleyo angama-4 GW aza kuvalwa kulo nyaka. Izicwangciso zokususa iigesi ezingcolisayo kwiindawo zaseMpuma Yurophu naseTshayina ziquka amandla enyukliya.

Imfuno yamandla kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula, kwaye imfuneko yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iya kuqhubeka ikhula. Ukuncipha kobonelelo lwamandla kwihlabathi liphela kuye kwaqhuba iingxoxo zemigaqo-nkqubo malunga namandla avuselelekayo. Amazwe amaninzi aphumeze okanye acinga ngemigaqo-nkqubo emitsha yokwandisa ukusasazwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Amanye amazwe aqalise neemfuno zokugcina izixhobo ezivuselelekayo. Oku kuya kubenza bakwazi ukudibanisa ngcono amacandelo abo ombane namanye amacandelo. Ukwanda kwamandla okugcina kuya kwandisa ukhuphiswano lwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.

Njengoko isantya sokungena okuvuselelekayo sisanda kwigridi, kuya kufuneka ubuchule bokuyila izinto ezintsha ukuze kuhambelane nesantya. Oku kuquka ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso. Umzekelo, iSebe lezaMandla lisandula ukuqalisa iphulo elithi "Ukwakha iGridi eNgcono". Injongo yale nyathelo kukuphuhlisa imigca yothumelo oluphezulu oluhamba umgama omde enokwamkela ukwanda kwezixhobo ezivuselelekayo.

Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, iinkampani zamandla zemveli ziya kwahluka ukuze zibandakanye amandla avuselelekayo. Ezi nkampani ziya kufuna nabavelisi abavela eMelika ukunceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi ezayo, icandelo lamandla liya kujongeka lahlukile. Ukongeza kwiinkampani zamandla zemveli, inani elikhulayo lezixeko libhengeze iinjongo ezinkulu zamandla acocekileyo. Uninzi lwezi zixeko sele zizibophelele ekufumaneni ama-70 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu ombane wazo kwizixhobo ezivuselelekayo.