Iindlela Ezivelayo Zokuvelisa Ibhetri Yamandla Ehlabathi

Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela azama ukuphucula izixhobo zebhetri rhoqo ukuze kuphuhliswe isizukulwana esitsha seebhetri zamandla ezisebenza kakuhle nezingabizi kakhulu ngo-2025.

Xa kufikwa kwizinto ze-electrode, umkhwa ophambili wokuphucula uxinano lwamandla ebhetri yamandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko kubandakanya ukunciphisa umxholo we-cobalt wezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokwandisa umxholo we-nickel, ngenxa yengxabano phakathi kokunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno. Iinkampani ezinkulu zebhetri yamandla ezifana nePanasonic, LG, kunye neCATL zigxile kwiibhetri ezingenayo i-cobalt ephantsi kunye ne-cobalt njengesizukulwana esilandelayo sophuhliso lwebhetri yamandla. Imfuno ekhulayo yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu ngenxa yokufakelwa kombane okunzulu inyanzelisa imida ephezulu yomthamo kwizixhobo ze-lithium-ion graphite anode. Ukudityaniswa kwee-silicon-carbon anodes kunye nezixhobo ze-ternary eziphezulu ze-nickel kuba ngumkhwa wophuhliso.

Ngokuphathelele ukuhlanganiswa kweepakethi zebhetri, uqwalaselo lweemodyuli zemveli lusebenzisa kuphela malunga ne-40% yendawo ekhoyo. Ingqwalasela ephambili yokuphucula izakhiwo zebhetri ikwiindlela zeseli ezidibeneyo nezilungelelanisiweyo, iimodyuli, kunye nokupakisha. Iindlela ezifana nokudibanisa iiseli ngokuthe ngqo kwiipakethi zebhetri (iteknoloji ye-CTP) okanye ukudibanisa iindawo ezibiyelweyo zeepakethi zebhetri kunye nemizimba yezithuthi (iteknoloji ye-CTC) ziyavela njengezicwangciso zokwenza ngcono.

Ukwahlukahluka kweendlela zobuchwepheshe bebhetri yamandla kulindeleke ukuba kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kweebhetri ezisemgangathweni oqinileyo ngo-2030.

Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zikwinqanaba lokuqala lokuthengiswa, kodwa zithintelwe kumlinganiselo wazo wobuninzi bamandla. Ngowama-2030, iibhetri ze-sodium-ion zikulungele ukongeza iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwaye zifumane usetyenziso kwiindawo zokugcina amandla kunye nezithuthi zombane ezikhawulezayo ezijongene namaxabiso. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-solid-state luyakhawuleza, kunye neebhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo ezifana nee-watt-hours ezingama-500 ngekhilogram nganye iibhetri ze-solid-state kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur kulindeleke ukuba zingene kwimarike ngomlinganiselo omkhulu malunga nowama-2030. Uphando oluqhubekayo malunga neebhetri zesinyithi-umoya ezisebenza kakuhle kunye neebhetri zesinyithi-hydrogen ezingabizi kakhulu kulindeleke ukuba zikhokelele kwimpumelelo yesicelo emva kowama-2030.

Imizamo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri zamandla kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi kulindeleke ukuba ibe yimiqobo emitsha yetekhnoloji kwixesha elizayo.

I-European Union iphumeze uMthetho weBhetri eNtsha kunye ne-New Battery Strategy Research and Innovation Agenda, ibeka "umda oluhlaza" kwiimveliso zebhetri yamandla. Imiqobo yeqhinga kunye nekhabhoni kwiibhetri zamandla isenokunyuka, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka okwandayo kokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri kunye neempawu zayo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. I-EU ichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba ngo-2031, amazinga aphakathi okubuyisela i-cobalt, i-nickel, kunye ne-copper kufuneka afikelele kwi-95%, kunye ne-lithium kwi-80%. Ukuphunyezwa "komda oluhlaza" kulindeleke ukuba kukhawulezise uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri kunye nokusetyenziswa kwishishini lezixhobo ezivuselelekayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukwaziswa "kweepasipoti zebhetri" kuya kwenza kube lula ukwabelana ngedatha kunye nokudibana kweemodeli zolawulo lwebhetri, ukuphucula ukucaca kunye nokulandeleka kolawulo lwedatha yomjikelo wobomi bebhetri yamandla.

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