Imakethi yokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo eTshayina ngo-2023

Ngomhla we-13 kweyoMdumba, iNational Energy Administration ibibambe inkomfa yabezindaba rhoqo eBeijing. UWang Dapeng, uSekela Mlawuli weSebe leMisebenzi emitsha neHlaziyiweyo yeNational Energy Administration, wazisa ukuba ngo-2022, amandla amatsha okuvelisa umbane ngomoya kunye ne-photovoltaic kweli lizwe aya kudlula kwi-120 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, afikelele kwi-125 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, aphule i-100 yezigidi zee-kilowatts iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana, kwaye afikelele kwinqanaba elitsha eliphezulu.

ULiu Yafang, usekela-mlawuli weSebe lezoLondolozo lwaMandla kunye nezixhobo zesayensi kunye neTekhnoloji kwiCandelo leSizwe lezoLawulo lwaMandla, uthe ekupheleni kuka-2022, amandla afakiweyo eeprojekthi zokugcina amandla amatsha asebenza kuzwelonke afikelele kwi-8.7 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokugcina amandla elimalunga neeyure eziyi-2.1, ukonyuka okungaphezulu kwe-110% ekupheleni kuka-2021.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kwenjongo ye-dual-carbon, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamandla amatsha afana namandla omoya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elanga luye lwakhawuleza, ngelixa ukuguquguquka kunye nokungacwangciswanga kwamandla amatsha kuye kwaba yingxaki ekuqinisekiseni ukunikezelwa kombane okuzinzileyo. Ukwabiwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha kuye kwaba yinto ephambili, enemisebenzi yokuthintela ukuguquguquka kwamandla amatsha okuvelisa amandla, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, ukunciphisa ukuphambuka kwesicwangciso sokuvelisa amandla, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwegridi yamandla, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana kothumelo.

Ngomhla wama-21 ku-Epreli, ngo-2021, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye noLawulo lweMandla lweSizwe bakhuphe iZimvo eziSikhokelo zokuKhawulezisa uPhuhliso loGcino lwaMandla amatsha baza bacela izimvo kuluntu lonke. Icacisile ngokucacileyo ukuba amandla afakiweyo ogcino lwamandla amatsha aya kufikelela kwii-kilowatts ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 ngo-2025. Ngokwezibalo, ekupheleni kuka-2020, iTshayina iqalise ukusebenza amandla afakiweyo ogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical yi-3269.2 megawatts, okanye i-3.3 yezigidi zee-kilowatts, ngokwenjongo yokufakela ecetywayo kuxwebhu, Ngo-2025, amandla afakiweyo ogcino lwamandla e-electrochemical eTshayina aya kwanda malunga namaxesha ali-10.

Namhlanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokugcina amandla e-PV+, kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemarike, imeko yophuhliso lwemarike yokugcina amandla injani? Kuthekani ngokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla esiqalisiweyo? Ngaba sinokudlala indima yaso efanelekileyo kunye nexabiso laso?

Indawo yokugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%!

Ukususela kokuzikhethela ukuya kokunyanzeliswa, umyalelo wokwabiwa kweendawo zokugcina ongqongqo kakhulu ukhutshiwe

Ngokwezibalo ze-International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe angama-25 ewonke akhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yokucacisa iimfuno ezithile zoqwalaselo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-photovoltaic. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwemimandla lufuna ukuba isikali sokusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic sibe phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-30% yomthamo ofakiweyo, ixesha loqwalaselo ikakhulu ziiyure ezi-2-4, kwaye iindawo ezimbalwa ziyiyure e-1.

Phakathi kwazo, iSixeko saseZaozhuang sePhondo laseShandong siqwalasele ngokucacileyo isikali sophuhliso, iimpawu zomthwalo, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-photovoltaic kunye nezinye izinto, kwaye salungiselela izixhobo zokugcina amandla ngokwezinga elifakiweyo le-15% - 30% (elihlengahlengisiweyo ngokwenqanaba lophuhliso) kunye nobude beeyure ezi-2-4, okanye saqesha izixhobo zokugcina amandla ezabelwana ngazo ezinomthamo ofanayo, eziye zaba luphahla lweemfuno zangoku zokusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-photovoltaic. Ukongeza, iShaanxi, iGansu, iHenan kunye nezinye iindawo zifuna ukuba umlinganiselo wokusasazwa kunye nokugcinwa ufikelele kwi-20%

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iGuizhou ikhuphe uxwebhu olucacisa ukuba iiprojekthi zamandla amatsha kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza iiyure ezimbini ngokwakha okanye ukuthenga indawo yokugcina amandla ngesantya esingaphantsi kwe-10% yomthamo ofakiweyo wamandla amatsha (umlinganiselo wonxibelelwano ungalungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwemeko yokwenyani) ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yokucheba ephezulu; Kwiiprojekthi zamandla amatsha ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amandla, uqhagamshelo lwegridi aluyi kuqwalaselwa okwethutyana, olunokuthathwa njengomyalelo ongqongqo wokwabiwa nokugcinwa.

Izixhobo zokugcina amandla:

Kunzima ukwenza inzuzo kwaye umdla wamashishini ngokubanzi awuphezulu

Ngokwezibalo ze-International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), ngo-2022, kwasayinwa/kwacwangciswa iiprojekthi zokugcina amandla omoya nelanga ezingama-83 kulo lonke ilizwe, kunye nesikali seprojekthi esicacileyo se-191.553GW kunye nesixa-mali esicacileyo sotyalo-mali se-663.346 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.

Phakathi kobukhulu beprojekthi obuchaziweyo, i-Inner Mongolia ikwindawo yokuqala nge-53.436GW, i-Gansu ikwindawo yesibini nge-47.307GW, kwaye i-Heilongjiang ikwindawo yesithathu nge-15.83GW. Ubukhulu beprojekthi yephondo laseGuizhou, eShanxi, eXinjiang, eLiaoning, eGuangdong, eJiangsu, eYunnan, eGuangxi, eHubei, eChongqing, eJiangxi, eShandong, nase-Anhui budlula i-1GW.

Nangona ulwabiwo lwamandla amatsha kunye nezitishi zokugcina amandla zikhule ngokukhawuleza, izitishi zokugcina amandla eziqalisiweyo ziwile kwimeko exhalabisayo. Inani elikhulu leeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ezixhasayo zikwinqanaba lokungasebenzi kwaye kancinci kancinci ziba yimeko ehlazisayo.

Ngokutsho kwe-"Report yoPhando malunga nokuSebenza koSasazo noGcino lwaMandla amatsha" ekhutshwe yi-China Electricity Union, iindleko zeeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ikakhulu ziphakathi kwe-1500-3000 yuan/kWh. Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zemida, umahluko weendleko phakathi kweeprojekthi mkhulu. Kwimeko yokwenyani, inzuzo yeeprojekthi ezininzi zokugcina amandla ayiphezulu.

Oku akwahlulwa kwimida yokwenyani. Kwelinye icala, ngokubhekiselele ekufikeleleni kwimarike, iimeko zokufikelela kwizikhululo zamandla zokugcina amandla ukuze zithathe inxaxheba kwimarike yokurhweba ngeendawo zombane azikacaciswa, kwaye imithetho yokurhweba ayikaphuculwa. Kwelinye icala, ngokubhekiselele kwindlela yokubeka amaxabiso, ukusekwa kwendlela yokubeka amaxabiso ezimeleyo kwizikhululo zamandla zokugcina amandla kwicala legridi akukabambezeleki, kwaye ishishini liphela lisaswele ingqiqo epheleleyo yeshishini yokukhokela imali yoluntu kwiprojekthi yokugcina amandla. Kwelinye icala, iindleko zokugcina amandla amatsha ziphezulu kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi, Ukunqongophala kweendlela zokuhambisa. Ngokweengxelo zeendaba ezifanelekileyo, okwangoku, iindleko zokusasazwa kwamandla amatsha kunye nokugcinwa zithwalwa ngamashishini amatsha ophuhliso lwamandla, angadluliselwa kwi-downstream. Ixabiso leebhetri ze-lithium ion linyukile, nto leyo eye yazisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lokusebenza kumashishini amatsha ophuhliso lwamandla kwaye yachaphazela izigqibo zotyalo-mali zamashishini amatsha ophuhliso lwamandla. Ukongeza, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ngexabiso lezinto zesilicon kumphezulu wecandelo le-photovoltaic industry linyuka, ixabiso liyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu. Kumashishini amatsha amandla anokusasazwa nokugcinwa okunyanzelekileyo, Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, izinto ezimbini zongeze umthwalo kumashishini amatsha okuvelisa amandla, ngoko ke umdla wamashishini wokwabiwa nokugcinwa kwamandla amatsha ngokubanzi uphantsi.

Imida ephambili:

Ingxaki yokhuseleko lokugcina umbane isaza kusonjululwa, kwaye ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwesikhululo samandla kunzima.

Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, iintlobo ezintsha zokugcina amandla ziye zanda kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngelixa ukhuseleko lokugcina amandla luye lwaba lubi kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ukusukela ngo-2018, kuye kwenzeka iziganeko ezingaphezu kwama-40 zokuqhuma kwebhetri yokugcina amandla kunye nomlilo kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi ukuqhuma kweSitishi saMandla sokuGcina Amandla saseBeijing nge-16 ka-Epreli 2021, okubangele ukufa kwabacimi-mlilo ababini, ukwenzakala komcimi-mlilo omnye, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngunxibelelwano lomsebenzi omnye kwisitishi samandla. Iimveliso zebhetri yokugcina amandla zangoku zijongene neengxaki ezinje ngokhuseleko olungaphelelanga kunye nokuthembeka, isikhokelo esibuthathaka semigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo, ukuphunyezwa okunganelanga kwamanyathelo olawulo lokhuseleko, kunye nesilumkiso sokhuseleko esingafezekanga kunye nendlela engxamisekileyo.

Ukongeza, phantsi koxinzelelo lweendleko eziphezulu, abanye abakhi beeprojekthi zokugcina amandla bakhethe iimveliso zokugcina amandla ezingasebenzi kakuhle kunye neendleko zotyalo-mali eziphantsi, nto leyo ekwandisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Kunokuthiwa ingxaki yokhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili echaphazela uphuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo lwesikali esitsha sokugcina amandla, ekufuneka sisonjululwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwesikhululo samandla, ngokwengxelo ye-China Electricity Union, inani leeseli ze-electrochemical likhulu, kwaye ubungakanani benani leeseli ezilodwa zeprojekthi yokugcina amandla bufikelele kumashumi amawaka okanye amakhulu amawaka amanqanaba. Ukongeza, iindleko zokwehla kwexabiso, ukulahleka kokusebenza kokuguqulwa kwamandla, ukubola komthamo webhetri kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo kuya kunyusa kakhulu iindleko zomjikelo wobomi besikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla, okunzima kakhulu ukusigcina; Ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezikhululo zamandla zokugcina amandla kubandakanya umbane, iikhemikhali, ulawulo kunye nezinye iinkalo. Okwangoku, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kubanzi, kwaye ubungcali babasebenzi bokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kufuneka buphuculwe.

Amathuba kunye nemingeni zihlala zihamba kunye. Singayiphucula njani indima yokusasazwa kwamandla amatsha kunye nokugcinwa kwawo size sinike iimpendulo ezanelisayo zokufezekisa injongo ye-dual-carbon?

I-"Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy Systems", exhaswe yi-International Energy Network, Photovoltaic Headlines and Energy Storage Headlines, enomxholo othi "New Energy, New Systems and New Ecology", iza kubanjelwa eBeijing nge-21 kaFebruwari. Okwangoku, i-"7th China Photovoltaic Industry Forum" iza kubanjelwa eBeijing nge-22 kaFebruwari.

Le forum ijonge ukwakha iqonga lokutshintshiselana ngexabiso elisekelwe kwishishini le-photovoltaic. Le forum imema iinkokheli, iingcali kunye neengcali zeKhomishini yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo, uLawulo lwaMandla, iingcali ezinegunya kushishino, imibutho yoshishino, amaziko ophando lwesayensi, amaziko oyilo kunye namanye amaziko, kunye namashishini otyalo-mali lwamandla afana neHuaneng, iNational Energy Group, iNational Power Investment Corporation, iChina Energy Conservation, iDatang, iThree Gorges, iChina Nuclear Power Corporation, iChina Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, iState Grid, iChina Southern Power Grid, kunye namashishini okuvelisa uthotho lwe-photovoltaic kushishino, iingcali ezifana namashishini okudibanisa iinkqubo kunye namashishini e-EPC kufuneka zixoxe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zitshintshiselane ngezihloko ezishushu ezifana nomgaqo-nkqubo woshishino lwe-photovoltaic, itekhnoloji, uphuhliso loshishino kunye nentsingiselo kumxholo wenkqubo entsha yamandla, kwaye zincede ishishini lifikelele kuphuhliso oludibeneyo.

I-"Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy System" iza kuxoxa kwaye itshintshiselane ngemiba eshushu efana nomgaqo-nkqubo weshishini lokugcina amandla, iteknoloji, ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-optical, njl.njl., kunye namashishini afana neNational Energy Group, iTrina Solar, iEaster Group, iChint New Energy, iKehua Digital Energy, iBaoguang Zhizhong, iAishiwei Storage, iShouhang New Energy iza kugxila kwiingxaki ekufuneka zoyiswe ekwakheni i-ecosystem entsha kwimeko "ye-dual carbon", kwaye ifezekise uphuhliso oluphumeleleyo noluzinzileyo lwe-ecosystem entsha, iNikeza izimvo ezintsha kunye nokuqonda.