Melemo ea betri ea polokelo ea matla ke efe?

Tsela ea tekheniki ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea Chaena - polokelo ea matla ea electrochemical: Hona joale, thepa e tloaelehileng ea cathode ea libeteri tsa lithium e kenyelletsa haholo-holo lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) le thepa ea ternary. Lithium cobalt ke thepa ea pele ea cathode e rekisoang e nang le motlakase o phahameng, bongata bo phahameng ba pompo, sebopeho se tsitsitseng le polokeho e ntle, empa litšenyehelo tse phahameng le bokhoni bo tlase. Lithium manganate e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase le motlakase o phahameng, empa ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea eona e mpe 'me bokhoni ba eona le bona bo tlase. Bokhoni le litšenyehelo tsa thepa ea ternary lia fapana ho latela litaba tsa nickel, cobalt le manganese (ho phaella ho NCA). Bongata ba matla ka kakaretso bo phahame ho feta ba lithium iron phosphate le lithium cobalt. Lithium iron phosphate e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho potoloha le polokeho e ntle, empa sethala sa eona sa motlakase se tlase 'me bongata ba eona ba ho khomarela bo tlase, e leng se fellang ka bongata bo tlase ba matla ka kakaretso. Hona joale, lefapha la matla le laoloa ke tšepe ea ternary le lithium, ha lefapha la ts'ebeliso le le lithium cobalt haholoanyane. Lisebelisoa tsa electrode e mpe li ka aroloa ka thepa ea carbon le thepa e seng ea carbon: thepa ea carbon e kenyelletsa graphite ea maiketsetso, graphite ea tlhaho, li-microspheres tsa carbon tsa mesophase, carbon e bonolo, carbon e thata, jj; Lisebelisoa tse seng tsa carbon li kenyelletsa lithium titanate, thepa e thehiloeng silicon, thepa e thehiloeng tin, jj. Graphite ea tlhaho le graphite ea maiketsetso ke tsona tse sebelisoang haholo hajoale. Le hoja graphite ea tlhaho e na le melemo ka litšenyehelo le bokhoni bo itseng, bophelo ba potoloho ea eona bo tlase 'me botsitso ba eona bo bobe; Leha ho le joalo, litšobotsi tsa graphite ea maiketsetso li leka-lekane, ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea potoloho le ho lumellana hantle le electrolyte. Graphite ea maiketsetso e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa libeteri tsa motlakase tsa likoloi tse nang le bokhoni bo boholo le libeteri tsa lithium tsa bareki ba maemo a holimo, ha graphite ea tlhaho e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa libeteri tse nyane tsa lithium le libeteri tsa lithium tsa bareki ba kakaretso. Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng silicon linthong tse seng tsa carbon li ntse li le ts'ebetsong ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele. Li-separator tsa betri tsa Lithium li ka aroloa ka li-separator tse omileng le li-separator tse metsi ho latela ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, 'me ho penta ha lera le metsi ka har'a separator se metsi e tla ba mokhoa o moholo. Ts'ebetso e metsi le ts'ebetso e omileng li na le melemo le mathata a tsona. Mokhoa oa ho kolobisa o na le boholo ba masoba a manyane le a tšoanang le filimi e tšesaane, empa matsete a maholo, mokhoa ona o rarahane, 'me tšilafalo ea tikoloho e kholo. Mokhoa oa ho omisa o bonolo haholo, o ekelitsoe boleng bo holimo ebile o mosa tikolohong, empa boholo ba masoba le masoba li thata ho li laola 'me sehlahisoa se thata ho se sesa.

Tsela ea botekgeniki ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea Chaena - polokelo ea matla ea lik'hemik'hale: betri ea asiti ea lead betri ea asiti ea lead (VRLA) ke betri eo electrode ea eona e entsoeng haholo-holo ka loto le oxide ea eona, 'me electrolyte ke tharollo ea asiti ea sulfuric. Boemong ba ho tjhaja betri ea asiti ea lead, karolo e kholo ea electrode e ntle ke loto, 'me karolo e kholo ea electrode e mpe ke loto; Boemong ba ho ntša metsi, likarolo tse kholo tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe ke loto ea lead. Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa betri ea asiti ea lead ke hore betri ea asiti ea lead ke mofuta oa betri e nang le carbon dioxide le loto ea tšepe ea spongy e le lintho tse sebetsang tse ntle le tse mpe ka ho latellana, le tharollo ea asiti ea sulfuric e le electrolyte. Melemo ea betri ea lead-acid ke ketane ea indasteri e seng e holile, tšebeliso e sireletsehileng, tlhokomelo e bonolo, litšenyehelo tse tlase, bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso, boleng bo tsitsitseng, jj. Mathata ke lebelo le liehang la ho tjhaja, matla a tlase, bophelo ba potoloho e khuts'oane, ho bonolo ho baka tšilafalo, jj. Libetri tsa lead-acid li sebelisoa e le phepelo ea motlakase e emeng likhokahanong tsa mehala, litsamaisong tsa matla a letsatsi, litsamaisong tsa switch tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa puisano, lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa motlakase tse bolokang (UPS, ECR, litsamaisong tsa bekapo ea khomphutha, jj.), lisebelisoa tsa tšohanyetso, jj., le joalo ka phepelo ea motlakase e ka sehloohong lisebelisoang tsa puisano, literene tsa taolo ea motlakase (likoloi tsa ho reka, likoloi tsa lipalangoang tse iketsang, likoloi tsa motlakase), lisebelisoa tsa mechini tse qalang lisebelisoa (li-drill tse se nang thapo, bakhanni ba motlakase, li-sledge tsa motlakase), lisebelisoa/lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, lik'hamera, jj.

Tsela ea botekgeniki ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea Chaena - polokelo ea matla ea electrochemical: betri ea phallo ea metsi le betri ea sodium sulfur betri ea phallo ea metsi ke mofuta oa betri e ka bolokang motlakase le ho ntša motlakase ka karabelo ea electrochemical ea para ea motlakase e qhibilihang ho electrode e sa sebetseng. Sebopeho sa monomer e tloaelehileng ea betri ea phallo ea metsi e kenyelletsa: li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe; Kamore ea electrode e pota-potiloeng ke diaphragm le electrode; Tanka ea Electrolyte, pompo le sistimi ea liphaephe. ​​Betri ea phallo ea metsi ke sesebelisoa sa polokelo ea matla a electrochemical se ka etsang phetoho e kopanetsoeng ea matla a motlakase le matla a lik'hemik'hale ka karabelo ea phokotso ea oxidation ea lintho tse sebetsang tsa metsi, ka hona ho hlokomela polokelo le tokollo ea matla a motlakase. Ho na le mefuta e mengata e arotsoeng ka likarolo le litsamaiso tse ikhethileng tsa betri ea phallo ea metsi. Hona joale, ho na le mefuta e mene feela ea litsamaiso tsa betri ea phallo ea metsi tse ithutoang ka botebo lefatšeng, ho kenyeletsoa betri ea phallo ea metsi ea vanadium, betri ea phallo ea metsi ea zinc-bromine, betri ea phallo ea metsi ea tšepe-chromium le betri ea phallo ea metsi ea sodium polysulfide/bromine. Betri ea sodium-sulfur e entsoe ka electrode e ntle, electrode e mpe, electrolyte, diaphragm le khetla, e fapaneng le betri ea bobeli e akaretsang (betri ea lead-acid, betri ea nickel-cadmium, jj.). Betri ea sodium-sulfur e entsoe ka electrode e qhibilihisitsoeng le electrolyte e tiileng. Ntho e sebetsang ea electrode e mpe ke sodium ea tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng, 'me ntho e sebetsang ea electrode e ntle ke sebabole sa metsi le letsoai la sodium polysulfide e qhibilihisitsoeng. Anode ea betri ea sodium-sulfur e entsoe ka sebabole sa metsi, cathode e entsoe ka sodium e metsi, 'me tube ea beta-aluminium ea thepa ea ceramic e arotsoe bohareng. Mocheso o sebetsang oa betri o lokela ho bolokoa kaholimo ho 300 ° C ho boloka electrode e le boemong bo qhibilihisitsoeng. Tsela ea tekheniki ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea Chaena - sele ea mafura: sele ea polokelo ea matla a hydrogen sele ea mafura a hydrogen ke sesebelisoa se fetolelang ka kotloloho matla a lik'hemik'hale a hydrogen hore e be matla a motlakase. Molao-motheo oa motheo ke hore haedrojene e kene ka har'a anode ea sele ea mafura, e bola hore e be liprothone tsa khase le lielektrone tlas'a ts'ebetso ea catalyst, 'me liprothone tsa haedrojene tse entsoeng li feta ka har'a lera la phapanyetsano ea proton ho fihlela cathode ea sele ea mafura le ho kopana le oksijene ho hlahisa metsi, Lielektrone li fihla ka har'a cathode ea sele ea mafura ka potoloho ea kantle ho etsa motlakase. Ha e le hantle, ke sesebelisoa sa tlhahiso ea matla a karabelo ea electrochemical. Boholo ba 'maraka ba indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea lefats'e - bokhoni bo bocha bo kentsoeng ba indasteri ea polokelo ea matla bo imenne habeli - boholo ba 'maraka ba indasteri ea polokelo ea matla ea lefats'e - libeteri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa polokelo ea matla - libeteri tsa lithium-ion li na le melemo ea ho ba le matla a mangata, bokhoni bo phahameng ba phetoho, karabelo e potlakileng, jj., 'me hajoale ke karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea bokhoni bo kentsoeng ntle le polokelo e pompetsoeng. Ho ea ka pampiri e tšoeu mabapi le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea betri ea lithium-ion ea Chaena (2022) e lokollotsoeng ka kopanelo ke EVTank le Ivy Institute of Economics. Ho ya ka tlhahisoleseding ya pampiri e tshweu, ka 2021, palo yohle ya dibeteri tsa lithium ion tse romellwang lefatsheng ka bophara e tla ba 562.4GWh, e leng keketseho e kgolo ya 91% selemo le selemo, mme karolo ya yona dibakeng tsa polokelo ya eneji tse ntjha tsa lefatshe le yona e tla feta 90%. Le hoja mefuta e meng ya polokelo ya eneji e kang betri ya vanadium-flow, betri ya sodium-ion le moya o hatelletsoeng le yona e se e qadile ho fumana tlhokomelo e eketsehileng dilemong tsa morao tjena, betri ya lithium-ion e ntse e na le melemo e meholo mabapi le tshebetso, ditjeo le ntshetsopele ya indasteri. Ka nako e kgutshwane le e mahareng, betri ya lithium-ion e tla ba mofuta o ka sehloohong wa polokelo ya eneji lefatsheng, mme karolo ya yona dibakeng tse ntjha tsa polokelo ya eneji e tla dula e le boemong bo hodimo.

Longrun-energy e shebana le lefapha la polokelo ea matla 'me e kopanya setsi sa tšebeletso ea ketane ea phepelo ea matla ho fana ka litharollo tsa polokelo ea matla bakeng sa maemo a malapa le a indasteri le a khoebo, ho kenyeletsoa moralo, koetliso ea kopano, litharollo tsa' maraka, taolo ea litšenyehelo, tsamaiso, ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo, jj. Ka lilemo tse ngata tsa tšebelisano-'moho le bahlahisi ba tsebahalang ba libeteri le bahlahisi ba inverter, re akarelitse boiphihlelo ba theknoloji le nts'etsopele ho aha setsi se kopaneng sa tšebeletso ea ketane ea phepelo.