Ndezvipi zvakanakira simba rekuchengetedza bhatiri?

Tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza: Parizvino, zvakajairika cathode zvinhu zve lithium mabhatiri anonyanya kusanganisira lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) uye ternary zvinhu. Lithium cobaltate ndiyo yekutanga yekutengesa cathode zvinhu zvine yakakwira voltage, yakakwira tap density, yakagadzikana chimiro uye chengetedzo yakanaka, asi mutengo wakakwira uye wakaderera. Lithium manganete ine mutengo wakaderera uye yakakwira voltage, asi kutenderera kwayo kuita kwakashata uye kugona kwayo kwakadzikira. Kugona uye mutengo weiyo ternary zvinhu zvinosiyana zvichienderana nezviri mukati nickel, cobalt uye manganese (pamwe neNCA). Iyo yakazara simba density yakakwira kupfuura iyo yelithium iron phosphate uye lithium cobaltate. Lithium iron phosphate ine mutengo wakaderera, kuita kwakanaka kwebhasikoro uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanaka, asi chikuva chayo chevoltage yakadzikira uye compaction density yayo yakadzikira, zvichikonzera kuderera kwesimba rose. Parizvino, chikamu chemagetsi chinotongwa neternary uye lithium iron, nepo chikamu chekushandisa chiri kuwedzera lithium cobalt. Negative electrode zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita kabhoni zvinhu uye asiri kabhoni zvinhu: kabhoni zvinhu zvinosanganisira artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, soft carbon, hard carbon, etc; Zvinhu zvisina-kabhoni zvinosanganisira lithium titanate, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, etc. Natural graphite uye artificial graphite ikozvino inonyanya kushandiswa. Kunyange zvazvo magirafu echisikigo aine zvakanakira mumutengo uye huwandu hwayo, hupenyu hwayo hwekutenderera hwakaderera uye kuenderana kwayo kwakashata; Nekudaro, zvimiro zveartificial graphite zvine mwero, ine yakanakisa kutenderera kwekuita uye kuenderana kwakanaka ne electrolyte. Artificial graphite inonyanya kushandiswa kune yakakura-inokwana mabhatiri emagetsi emotokari uye yakakwirira-yekupedzisira mutengi lithium mabhatiri, nepo girafu yechisikigo inonyanya kushandiswa kune madiki eti lithium mabhatiri uye general-chinangwa mutengi lithium mabhatiri. Iyo silicon-yakavakirwa zvinhu mune zvisiri-kabhoni zvinhu zvichiri mukuita kwekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga nekusimudzira. Lithium bhatiri separators inogona kukamurwa kuita yakaoma separators uye yakanyorova separators zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, uye yakanyorova membrane yekuputira mune yakanyorova separator ichave yakanyanya maitiro. Wet process uye yakaoma process ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Iyo yekunyorova maitiro ine diki uye yunifomu pore saizi uye yakatetepa firimu, asi iyo investimendi yakakura, maitiro akaoma, uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakura. Iyo yakaoma maitiro iri nyore, yakakwira kukosha-yakawedzerwa uye inoshamwaridzana nenharaunda, asi iyo pore saizi uye porosity yakaoma kudzora uye chigadzirwa chakaoma kutetepa.

Iyo tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza: lead acid bhatiri lead acid bhatiri (VRLA) ibhatiri rine electrode inonyanya kugadzirwa nemutobvu uye oxide yayo, uye iyo electrolyte iri sulfuric acid mhinduro. Mumamiriro ekubhadhara kwebheteri ye-lead-asidi, chikamu chikuru che electrode yakanaka ndiyo lead dioxide, uye chikamu chikuru che electrode yakaipa inotungamira; Mumamiriro ekubudiswa, zvikamu zvikuru zvezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrodes zvinotungamirira sulfate. Musimboti wekushanda welead-asidhi bhatiri nderekuti lead-asidhi bhatiri imhando yebhatiri ine kabhoni dhaibhoni uye spongy simbi lead seyakanaka uye yakaipa inoshanda zvinhu zvichiteerana, uye sulfuric acid mhinduro se electrolyte. Zvakanakira lead-asidhi bhatiri iine yakakura maindasitiri cheni, kushandiswa kwakachengeteka, nyore kugadzirisa, kudhura kwakaderera, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, hutano hwakagadzikana, etc. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvinononoka kuchaja kukurumidza, kuderera kwesimba remagetsi, hupenyu hupfupi, kukonzeresa kusvibiswa, etc. Lead-asidhi mabhatiri anoshandiswa semagetsi ekumira munharembozha, zvemagetsi chinja chemagetsi ECR, masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi ekukurukurirana, midziyo yePSS yekukurukurirana. backup masisitimu, nezvimwewo), midziyo yekukurumidzira, nezvimwewo, uye semasimba makuru emagetsi mumidziyo yekutaurirana, magetsi ekudzora locomotives (motokari dzinotora, mota dzekutakura otomatiki, mota dzemagetsi), maturusi ekutanga (matambo asina tambo, madhiraivha emagetsi, zvireyi zvemagetsi), zvishandiso zveindasitiri / zviridzwa, makamera, nezvimwe.

Iyo tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza: mvura inoyerera bhatiri uye sodium sulfur bhatiri mvura inoyerera bhatiri imhando yebhatiri inogona kuchengeta magetsi uye kuburitsa magetsi kuburikidza ne electrochemical reaction ye soluble electric pair pane inert electrode. Chimiro cheyakajairika mvura inoyerera bhatiri monomer inosanganisira: yakanaka uye yakaipa electrodes; Imba ye electrode yakakomberedzwa ne diaphragm uye electrode; Electrolyte tangi, pombi uye pombi system. Liquid-inoyerera bhatiri ndeye electrochemical simba rekuchengetera mudziyo unogona kuona kutendeuka kwakafanana kwesimba remagetsi uye kemikari simba kuburikidza neiyo oxidation-kudzikisa maitiro emvura inoshanda zvinhu, nekudaro kuona kuchengetedza uye kuburitswa kwesimba remagetsi. Kune akawanda akapatsanurwa marudzi uye chaiwo masisitimu emvura inoyerera bhatiri. Parizvino, kune marudzi mana chete emvura inoyerera bhatiri masisitimu anonyatso kudzidzwa zvakadzama munyika, anosanganisira ese-vanadium fluid flow bhatiri, zinc-bromine fluid flow bhatiri, iron-chromium liquid flow bhatiri uye sodium polysulfide/bromine fluid inoyerera bhatiri. Iyo sodium-sarufa bhatiri inoumbwa nechative electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm uye shell, iyo yakasiyana neyose yechipiri bhatiri (lead-acid bhatiri, nickel-cadmium bhatiri, nezvimwewo). Iyo sodium-sarufa bhatiri inoumbwa neyakanyungudutswa electrode uye yakasimba electrolyte. Chinhu chinoshanda cheiyo negative electrode isimbi yakanyungudutswa yesodium, uye chinhu chinoshanda cheyakanaka electrode imvura sarufa uye yakanyungudutswa sodium polysulfide munyu. Iyo anode yesodium-sarufa bhatiri inoumbwa nesarufa yemvura, iyo cathode inoumbwa nesodium yemvura, uye beta-aluminium chubhu yeceramic zvinhu inoparadzaniswa nepakati. Tembiricha yekushandisa yebhatiri ichachengetwa iri pamusoro pe300 ° C kuti electrode irambe iri mumamiriro ekunyunguduka. Iyo tekinoroji nzira yeChina yekuchengetera simba indasitiri - mafuta sero: hydrogen simba rekuchengetedza sero hydrogen mafuta cell mudziyo unoshandura zvakananga kemikari simba rehydrogen kuita simba remagetsi. Nheyo yakakosha ndeyokuti haidrojeni inopinda muanode yefuel cell, yobva yaora kuita mapurotoni egasi nemaerekitironi pasi pechiito checatalyst, uye mapurotoni ehydrogen anoumbwa anopfuura nepakati peproton exchange membrane kuti asvike pacathode yefuel cell uye asanganise neokisijeni kugadzira mvura, Maerekitironi anosvika pacathode yefuel cell kuburikidza nedunhu rekunze kuti riite ikozvino. Chaizvoizvo, ndeye electrochemical reaction simba rekugadzira mudziyo. Saizi yemusika weindasitiri yekuchengetera simba repasi rose - hutsva hwakaisirwa indasitiri yekuchengetera simba hwakapetwa kaviri - saizi yemusika wepasi rose indasitiri yekuchengetera magetsi - lithium-ion mabhatiri ichiri nzira huru yekuchengetedza simba - mabhatiri e lithium-ion ane zvakanakira kusimba kwesimba rakakura, kutendeuka kwakanyanya, kukurumidza kupindura, zvichingodaro, uye parizvino ndiyo yakanyanya chikamu chesimba rakaiswa kunze kwekupombi. Zvinoenderana nebepa jena pakuvandudza kweChina lithium-ion bhatiri indasitiri (2022) yakabatanidzwa yakaburitswa neEVTank uye Ivy Institute of Economics. Zvinoenderana nedata rebepa jena, muna 2021, iyo yepasi rose inotumirwa yebhatiri ye lithium ion ichave 562.4GWh, kuwedzera kwakakosha kwe91% gore negore, uye mugove wayo mupasi rose magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi ichapfuura 90%. Kunyangwe mamwe maitiro ekuchengetedza simba akadai sevanadium-inoyerera bhatiri, sodium-ion bhatiri uye nemhepo yakamanikidzwa zvakatangawo kugamuchira zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutariswa mumakore achangopfuura, lithium-ion bhatiri richine mabhenefiti makuru maererano nekuita, mutengo uye maindasitiri. Munguva pfupi uye yepakati, lithium-ion bhatiri ichava iyo nzira huru yekuchengetedza simba munyika, uye chikamu chayo mumagetsi matsva ekuchengetedza magetsi acharamba ari padanho repamusoro.

Longrun-simba rinotarisa pamunda wekuchengetedza simba uye rinobatanidza iyo simba rekupa cheni sevhisi sevhisi kuti ipe magetsi ekuchengetedza edzimba uye maindasitiri uye ekutengesa mamiriro, anosanganisira dhizaini, kudzidziswa kwegungano, mhinduro dzemusika, kutonga kwemitengo, manejimendi, kushanda uye kugadzirisa, nezvimwe.