Ubushakashatsi Buheruka Ku Bice Bikoresha Ingufu za Fotovoltaic

Ubu, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ku bice bitatu by'ingenzi by'ubushakashatsi ku zuba: silikoni ya kristu, perovskites n'uturemangingo tw'izuba tworoshye. Utwo duce dutatu twuzuzanya, kandi dufite ubushobozi bwo gutuma ikoranabuhanga rya zuba rirushaho gukora neza.

Silikoni ya kristu ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukwirakwiza ingufu z'izuba. Ariko, ubushobozi bwayo buri munsi cyane y'ikigereranyo cy'imitekerereze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abashakashatsi batangiye kwibanda ku guteza imbere ibyuma bigezweho bya kristu. Laboratwari y'igihugu y'ingufu zisubiramo ubu iri kwibanda ku guteza imbere ibikoresho byinshi bya III-V biteganijwe ko bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora kugeza kuri 30%.

Perovskites ni ubwoko bushya bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba twagaragaye vuba aha ko dukora neza kandi neza. Ibi bikoresho kandi byitwa "complexes fotosynthetic." Byakoreshejwe mu kongera imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'izuba. Biteganijwe ko tuzagurishwa mu myaka mike iri imbere. Ugereranyije na silicon, perovskites zirahendutse kandi zifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuzikoresha.

Perovskites zishobora guhuzwa n'ibikoresho bya silikoni kugira ngo habeho selile y'izuba ikora neza kandi iramba. Selile z'izuba za Perovskite crystal zishobora kuba 20% by'ubushobozi kurusha silikoni. Ibikoresho bya Perovskite na Si-PV nabyo byagaragaje urwego rw'ubushobozi buhanitse rugera kuri 28%. Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi bateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ry'ibice bibiri rituma selile z'izuba zishobora gusarura ingufu ziturutse ku mpande zombi z'urupapuro. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bikorwa by'ubucuruzi, kuko bizigama amafaranga ku giciro cyo gushyiraho.

Uretse perovskites, abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho bishobora gutwara umuriro cyangwa ibikoresho bigabanya urumuri. Ibi bikoresho bishobora kandi gufasha gutuma uturemangingo tw’izuba turushaho guhenda. Bishobora kandi gufasha mu gukora panels zidapfa kwangirika cyane.

Abashakashatsi ubu barimo gukora ku gukora selile y'izuba ya Tandem Perovskite ikora neza cyane. Biteganijwe ko iyi selile izagurishwa mu myaka ibiri iri imbere. Abashakashatsi barimo gukorana na Minisiteri y'Ingufu ya Amerika n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubumenyi.

Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi barimo gukora ku buryo bushya bwo gusarura ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu mwijima. Ubwo buryo burimo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba, ikoresha ubushyuhe buva kuri iyo paneli mu gusukura amazi. Ubu buryo burimo kugeragezwa muri Kaminuza ya Stanford.

Abashakashatsi barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya PV bitanga ubushyuhe. Ibi bikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe buva kuri pan kugira ngo bikore amashanyarazi nijoro. Iri koranabuhanga rishobora kugira akamaro cyane cyane mu bihe bikonje aho ubushobozi bw'ipan buba buke. Ubushyuhe bw'ingirabuzimafatizo bushobora kwiyongera bukagera kuri dogere selisiyusi zirenga 25 ku gisenge cyijimye. Ingirabuzimafatizo zishobora kandi gukonjeshwa n'amazi, bigatuma zigira akamaro kanini.

Aba bashakashatsi baherutse kuvumbura ikoreshwa ry’uturemangingo tw’izuba tworoshye. Utu duce dushobora kwihanganira kwibira mu mazi kandi ni tworoheje cyane. Nanone dushobora kwihanganira gukubitwa n’imodoka. Ubushakashatsi bwabo bushyigikiwe na gahunda ya Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program. Bashoboye kandi guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gupima uturemangingo twa PV.

Ubushakashatsi buheruka ku bijyanye n’ingufu za photovoltaic bwibanda ku guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikora neza, rihendutse kandi rirambye. Ubu bushakashatsi burimo gukorwa n’amatsinda menshi atandukanye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no ku isi yose. Ikoranabuhanga ritanga icyizere cyane ririmo uturemangingo tw’izuba tw’ubwoko bwa kabiri hamwe n’uturemangingo tw’izuba tworoshye.