Isoko Nshya ry'Ingufu - Impinduka mu Nganda

Ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ingufu zisukuye bikomeje gutuma habaho kwiyongera kw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Izi nkomoko zirimo imirasire y'izuba, umuyaga, ubushyuhe, ingufu zikomoka ku mazi, na peteroli. Nubwo hari imbogamizi nko kutagira aho zihuriye n'ingufu zitangwa, ibura ry'ingufu zitangwa, n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho, ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zizakomeza kuba nziza mu myaka iri imbere.

Iterambere rishya mu ikoranabuhanga ryatumye ingufu zisubira ziboneka mu bigo byinshi by’ubucuruzi. Urugero, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, ubu ni isoko y’ingufu ikura vuba ku isi. Ibigo nka Google na Amazon byashinze imirima yabyo y’ingufu zisubira kugira ngo bitange ingufu ku bucuruzi bwabyo. Nanone byafashe inyungu z’amafaranga kugira ngo uburyo bw’ubucuruzi busubira burusheho kugerwaho.

Ingufu z'umuyaga ni isoko ya kabiri mu bunini mu kubyaza amashanyarazi. Zikoreshwa na turbine kugira ngo zikore amashanyarazi. Iturbine zikunze kuba mu byaro. Iturbine zishobora kuba urusaku kandi zishobora kwangiza inyamaswa zo mu gace. Ariko, ikiguzi cyo gukora amashanyarazi aturutse ku muyaga n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ubu kirahendutse ugereranyije n'inganda zikoresha amakara. Ibiciro by'izi ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nabyo byaragabanutse cyane mu myaka icumi ishize.

Ingufu zikomoka ku bimera nazo zirimo kwiyongera. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni zo ziyoboye mu kubyaza umusaruro ingufu zikomoka ku bimera. Ubuhinde n'Ubudage nabyo ni byo biyoboye muri uru rwego. Ingufu zikomoka ku bimera zirimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Umusaruro w'ubuhinzi uri kwiyongera mu bihugu byinshi kandi ibi bituma umusaruro w'ingufu zishobora kongera kwiyongera.

Ikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi naryo ririmo kwiyongera. Mu Buyapani, biteganijwe ko imbaraga za kirimbuzi zingana na 4.2 GW zizasubukurwa mu 2022. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba, gahunda zo gukuraho umwuka uhumanya ikirere zirimo ingufu za kirimbuzi. Mu Budage, imbaraga za kirimbuzi zingana na 4 GW zizahagarikwa muri uyu mwaka. Gahunda zo gukuraho umwuka uhumanya ikirere mu bice bimwe by'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba n'Ubushinwa zirimo ingufu za kirimbuzi.

Biteganijwe ko igikenewe cy’ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera, kandi ko hagomba kugabanuka imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikomeza kwiyongera. Igabanuka ry’ingufu ku isi ryateje imbere ibiganiro bya politiki ku bijyanye n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyizeho cyangwa birimo gutekereza ku mabwiriza mashya yo kongera ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byashyizeho ibisabwa mu kubika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Ibi bizabafasha guhuza neza urwego rw’ingufu zabyo n’izindi nzego. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kubika bizanatuma habaho ipiganwa ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.

Uko umuvuduko wo kwinjira mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi ugenda wiyongera kuri grid, guhanga udushya bizakenerwa kugira ngo bijyane n’umuvuduko. Ibi birimo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya no kongera ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo. Urugero, Minisiteri y’Ingufu iherutse gutangiza gahunda ya "Kubaka imiyoboro myiza y’amashanyarazi". Intego y’iyi gahunda ni uguteza imbere imiyoboro miremire y’amashanyarazi ishobora kwakira ubwiyongere bw’imashini zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Uretse kongera ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, amasosiyete asanzwe ashinzwe ingufu azanahinduranya imbaraga kugira ngo ashyiremo ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Aya masosiyete ashobora kandi gushaka inganda zikomoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugira ngo zifashe guhaza ibyifuzo. Mu myaka itanu kugeza ku icumi iri imbere, urwego rw’ingufu ruzaba rutandukanye. Uretse amasosiyete asanzwe ashinzwe ingufu, imijyi myinshi yatangaje intego zikomeye zo gukoresha ingufu zisukuye. Imijyi myinshi muri iyi yamaze kwiyemeza kubona 70 ku ijana cyangwa irenga by’amashanyarazi yayo mu ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.