Iteganyirizwa ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu ku isi muri 2023

Amakuru y’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa Amakuru: Ububiko bw'ingufu bivuga kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bifitanye isano n'ikoranabuhanga n'ingamba zo gukoresha uburyo bwa shimi cyangwa umubiri bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kurekura igihe bikenewe. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, kubika ingufu birashobora kugabanywa mububiko bwingufu za mashini, kubika ingufu za electromagnetique, kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi, kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi no kubika ingufu za chimique. Ububiko bwingufu buba bumwe mubuhanga bwingenzi bukoreshwa nibihugu byinshi mugutezimbere inzira yo kutabogama kwa karubone. Ndetse no mu gitutu cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19 no kubura amasoko, isoko rishya ryo kubika ingufu ku isi rizakomeza kugumana umuvuduko mwinshi mu 2021. Aya makuru yerekana ko mu mpera za 2021, ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mu bikorwa ku isi ari 209.4GW, byiyongereyeho 9% ku mwaka; Muri byo, ubushobozi bwashyizweho mu mishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mu bikorwa ni 18.3GW, byiyongereyeho 185% ku mwaka. Bitewe n'izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu mu Burayi, biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka mike iri imbere, kandi n’ubushobozi bwo gushyira hamwe bw’imishinga yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mu bikorwa ku isi buzagera kuri 228.8GW mu 2023.

Icyizere cy'inganda

1. Politiki nziza

Guverinoma z’ubukungu bukomeye zafashe ingamba zo gushimangira iterambere ry’ububiko bw’ingufu. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, inguzanyo yimisoro ya reta itanga inguzanyo yumusoro mugushiraho ibikoresho bibika ingufu kubakoresha urugo ninganda nubucuruzi. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Igishushanyo mbonera cya Batiri 2030 gishimangira ingamba zinyuranye zo gushimangira aho iterambere n’iterambere rinini ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu. Mu Bushinwa, Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Iterambere ry’Ububiko bushya bw’ingufu muri gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu yatanzwe mu 2022 yashyizeho politiki n’ingamba zuzuye zo guteza imbere inganda zibika ingufu kugira ngo zinjire mu ntera nini y’iterambere.

2. Umugabane wingufu zirambye mukubyara amashanyarazi uragenda wiyongera

Nkuko ingufu z'umuyaga, Photovoltaque hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kubyara amashanyarazi biterwa cyane n’ibidukikije bitanga amashanyarazi, hamwe no kwiyongera buhoro buhoro igipimo cy’ingufu nshya nk’umuyaga n’izuba, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi igaragaza impanuka ebyiri, hejuru-ebyiri kandi impande zombi zidahwitse, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa cyane ku mutekano n’umutekano w’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, kandi isoko ryongereye icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu, kogosha impanuka, no guhinduranya neza, no gukora neza. Ku rundi ruhande, uturere tumwe na tumwe turacyafite ikibazo cy’umuvuduko mwinshi w’umucyo n’amashanyarazi, nka Qinghai, Imbere muri Mongoliya, Imbere ya Hebei, n’ibindi. Hamwe n’iyubakwa ry’icyiciro gishya cy’amashanyarazi manini manini y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi mashya akoreshwa n’amashanyarazi azazana ingufu nyinshi mu gukoresha no gukoresha ingufu nshya mu gihe kiri imbere. Umubare w'amashanyarazi mashya mu gihugu uteganijwe kurenga 20% muri 2025. Iterambere ryihuse ry’ingufu nshya zashyizweho rizatuma kwiyongera kwingufu zibikwa.

3. Ingufu zikenerwa zihinduka ingufu zisukuye mugihe amashanyarazi

Mugihe cyogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ingufu zikenerwa zagiye zihinduka kuva mumbaraga gakondo nkibicanwa bya fosile bijya mumashanyarazi meza. Ihinduka rigaragarira mu guhindura ibinyabiziga bya peteroli biva mu binyabiziga bigana ku mashanyarazi, ibyinshi muri byo bikoreshwa n’ingufu zishobora kugabanywa. Mugihe amashanyarazi asukuye arushijeho kuba ingenzi, icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera kugirango gikemure ibibazo rimwe na rimwe no guhuza itangwa n’ibikenerwa n’amashanyarazi.

4. Kugabanuka kw'igiciro cyo kubika ingufu

Ikigereranyo cyo ku isi LCOE yo kubika ingufu cyaragabanutse kiva kuri 2,0 kigera kuri 3.5 Yuan / kWt muri 2017 kigera kuri 0.5 kigera kuri 0.8 yu / kilowati mu 2021, bikaba biteganijwe ko kizakomeza kugabanuka kugera kuri [0.3 kugeza 0.5 Yuan / kWt mu 2026. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro byo kubika ingufu biterwa ahanini n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri, harimo no kuzamura ingufu z’ibikorwa bya batiri ndetse no kwiyongera kw’ubuzima bwa batiri. Kugabanuka guhoraho kwamafaranga yo kubika ingufu bizamura iterambere ryinganda zibika ingufu.

Ukeneye ibisobanuro birambuye, nyamuneka reba Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku Isoko Ryerekeye Isoko n'amahirwe yo gushora imari mu nganda zo kubika ingufu ku isi zashyizwe ahagaragara n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu bucuruzi mu Bushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu bucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa gitanga kandi serivisi nkamakuru manini y’inganda, ubwenge bw’inganda, raporo y’ubushakashatsi mu nganda, igenamigambi ry’inganda, igenamigambi rya parike, gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itanu y’imyaka itanu, ishoramari ry’inganda n’ibindi bikorwa