Iteganyagihe ry'isoko ry'ingufu ku isi muri 2023

Amakuru y’Ubushinwa mu Bushinwa ku bijyanye n’Ubutasi bw’Ubucuruzi: Kubika ingufu bivuga kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi, bifitanye isano n’ikoranabuhanga n’ibipimo byo gukoresha uburyo bwa shimi cyangwa bufatika mu kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi no kuzirekura igihe bikenewe. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, kubika ingufu bishobora kugabanywamo ububiko bw’ingufu za mashini, kubika ingufu za electromagnetic, kubika ingufu za electrochemical, kubika ingufu z’ubushyuhe n’ububiko bw’ingufu za shimi. Kubika ingufu biri kuba rimwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi rikoreshwa n’ibihugu byinshi mu guteza imbere inzira yo kudakoresha karuboni. Nubwo hari igitutu kibiri cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’ibura ry’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, isoko ry’ingufu nshya ku isi rizakomeza kugira icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera cyane muri 2021. Amakuru agaragaza ko mu mpera za 2021, ubushobozi bwose bw’imishinga yo kubika ingufu yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku isi ari 209.4GW, bwiyongereyeho 9% ugereranyije n’umwaka; Muri byo, ubushobozi bw’imishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu bwashyizwe mu bikorwa bwari 18.3GW, bwiyongereyeho 185% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu mu Burayi, byitezwe ko icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka mike iri imbere, kandi ubushobozi bwose bw’imishinga yo kubika ingufu bwashyizwe mu bikorwa ku isi buzagera kuri 228.8GW mu 2023.

Ishoramari mu nganda

1. Politiki nziza

Guverinoma z'ibihugu bikomeye by'ubukungu zashyizeho politiki zo gushishikariza iterambere ry'ububiko bw'ingufu. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, inguzanyo y'ishoramari ya leta itanga inguzanyo y'imisoro ku ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu n'abakoresha bo mu ngo, inganda n'ubucuruzi. Muri EU, gahunda y'ubuhanga mu gukwirakwiza bateri yo mu 2030 ishimangira ingamba zitandukanye zo gushishikariza ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu mu gace runaka no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu mu buryo bunini. Mu Bushinwa, gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo guteza imbere ububiko bushya bw'ingufu mu gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu yasohotse mu 2022 yashyizeho politiki n'ingamba zirambuye zo guteza imbere inganda zo kubika ingufu kugira ngo zigere ku rwego runini rw'iterambere.

2. Uruhare rw'ingufu zirambye mu gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi ruri kwiyongera

Kubera ko ingufu z'umuyaga, photovoltaic n'izindi zikoreshwa mu kubyaza ingufu zishingiye cyane ku bidukikije bitanga ingufu, hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu nshya nk'ingufu z'umuyaga n'izuba, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi igaragaza uburyo bworoshye bwo kubyaza ingufu ingufu, uburebure bubiri n'ubugari bubiri, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa byinshi ku mutekano no kudatezuka kw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kandi isoko ryiyongereyeho icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu, kogosha cyane, guhindura imikorere y'ingufu, no gukora neza. Ku rundi ruhande, uturere tumwe na tumwe turacyafite ikibazo cyo kubura urumuri n'amashanyarazi, nka Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, n'ahandi. Hamwe n'iyubakwa ry'imashini nshya zitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu kubyaza ingufu ingufu, byitezwe ko ingufu nshya zikoreshwa mu kubyaza ingufu ingufu zizazana igitutu kinini ku ikoreshwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nshya mu gihe kizaza. Igipimo cy'ingufu nshya zikoreshwa mu gihugu kigomba kurenza 20% muri 2025. Izamuka ryihuse ry'ubushobozi bushya bw'ingufu zishyirwaho rizatuma habaho kwiyongera kw'ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu.

3. Ingufu zikenewe zihinduka ingufu zisukuye bitewe n'icyerekezo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi

Mu gihe cy’izamuka ry’amashanyarazi, igikenewe cy’ingufu cyagiye kiva ku ngufu zisanzwe nka peteroli kijya ku ngufu zisukuye z’amashanyarazi. Iri hinduka rigaragarira mu ihinduka ryavuye ku modoka zikoresha peteroli zikoresha peteroli zijya ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, nyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Uko amashanyarazi asukuye agenda arushaho kuba ingenzi, igikenewe cyo kubika ingufu kizakomeza kwiyongera kugira ngo gikemure ibibazo by’igihe gito kandi kiringanize itangwa n’ikenerwa ry’amashanyarazi.

4. Kugabanuka kw'ikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu

Impuzandengo y’ingufu ku isi ya LCOE yagabanutse kuva kuri yuan 2.0 kugera kuri 3.5/kWh mu 2017 igera kuri yuan 0.5 kugeza kuri 0.8/kWh mu 2021, kandi byitezwe ko izakomeza kugabanuka ikagera kuri [yuan 0.3 kugeza kuri 0.5/kWh mu 2026. Kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu biterwa ahanini n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, harimo kongera ubucucike bw’ingufu, kugabanuka kw’ikiguzi cyo gukora no kwiyongera k’ubuzima bwa bateri. Kugabanuka guhoraho kw’ikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu bizatera iterambere ry’inganda zibika ingufu.

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, nyamuneka reba Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku Isoko n'Amahirwe y'Ishoramari mu Nganda Mpuzamahanga zo Kubika Ingufu yashyizwe ahagaragara n'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Nganda z'Ubucuruzi bw'Ubushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Nganda z'Ubucuruzi cy'Ubushinwa gitanga serivisi nka big data mu nganda, ubutasi mu nganda, raporo y'ubushakashatsi ku nganda, igenamigambi ry'inganda, igenamigambi ry'inganda, gahunda ya cumi n'ine y'imyaka itanu, ishoramari mu nganda n'izindi serivisi.