Impinduka zigaragara mu guhanga udushya ku isi mu gukoresha bateri z'amashanyarazi

Ibihugu byo ku isi biri kwihatira kunoza ibikoresho bya bateri n'imiterere yayo mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo bigere ku iterambere ry'ubwoko bushya bwa bateri zikoresha ingufu zihendutse kandi zikora neza bitarenze umwaka wa 2025.

Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bya electrode, icyerekezo nyamukuru cyo kongera ubucucike bw'ingufu za bateri z'amashanyarazi no kugabanya ibiciro birimo kugabanya ingano ya cobalt mu bikoresho fatizo no kongera ingano ya nikeli, bitewe n'amakimbirane ari hagati y'ubuke bw'umutungo n'ubwiyongere bw'abakenera. Ibigo bikomeye bya bateri z'amashanyarazi nka Panasonic, LG, na CATL biri kwibanda kuri bateri nke za cobalt na cobalt nk'igisekuru gitaha cyo guteza imbere bateri z'amashanyarazi. Ubukene bwiyongera bw'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi bitewe n'amashanyarazi menshi burimo gutera imbaraga ubushobozi bwinshi mu bikoresho bya anode ya litiyumu-ion graphite. Uruvange rwa anode za silicon-carbon hamwe n'ibikoresho bya ternary bya nikeli rurimo kuba intambwe y'iterambere.

Mu bijyanye no guteranya bateri, imiterere gakondo ya module ikoresha hafi 40% by'umwanya uhari. Icyibandwaho cy'ingenzi mu kunoza imiterere ya bateri ni uburyo bworoshye kandi buhuriweho bwa selile, module, n'uburyo bwo gupakira. Ubuhanga nko gushyira selile mu buryo butaziguye mu mapaki ya bateri (ikoranabuhanga rya CTP) cyangwa guhuza imiyoboro ya bateri n'imiyoboro y'imodoka (ikoranabuhanga rya CTC) burimo kugaragara nk'ingamba zo kunoza.

Guhinduranya ikoranabuhanga rya bateri zikoresha ingufu byitezwe ko bizatuma bateri zikoresha ingufu zitagira umuvuduko mwinshi bitarenze umwaka wa 2030.

Muri iki gihe, bateri za sodium-ion ziri mu ntangiriro zo gucuruzwa, ariko zikaba zigabanye imbaraga zazo. Mu 2030, bateri za sodium-ion ziteguye kongera bateri za lithium-ion no gusanga zikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu no mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zihuta cyane zishingiye ku biciro. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya bateri za sodium-state riri kwihuta, aho bateri zo mu gisekuru gitaha nka bateri za watt 500 kuri kilo imwe na bateri za lithium-sulfure ziteganijwe kwinjira ku isoko ku rwego runini ahagana mu 2030. Ubushakashatsi bukomeje gukorwa kuri bateri z'icyuma zikora neza cyane na bateri za metal-hydrogen zihendutse biteganijwe ko buzatuma habaho iterambere nyuma ya 2030.

Imbaraga mu kongera gukoresha batiri z'amashanyarazi no gucunga ubuzima bwose byitezwe ko bizaba inzitizi nshya mu ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza.

Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi washyizeho Itegeko Rishya ry’Amashanyarazi n’Ingamba Nshya z’Ubushakashatsi n’Udushya mu Ngamba z’Amashanyarazi, rishyiraho "umupaka w’ibidukikije" ku bicuruzwa bya bateri z’amashanyarazi. Inzitizi z’ingamba n’iza karuboni ku bateri z’amashanyarazi zishobora kwiyongera, bishimangira akamaro ko kongera gukoresha bateri mu buryo bw’ingamba n’uburyo bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wavuze mu buryo bweruye ko mu 2031, igipimo mpuzandengo cyo kugarura cobalt, nickel, na umuringa kigomba kugera kuri 95%, aho lithium iri kuri 80%. Gushyira mu bikorwa "umupaka w’ibidukikije" byitezwe ko bizahutisha iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gukoresha bateri mu nganda zikoresha umutungo kamere usubira. Byongeye kandi, gutangiza "pasiporo za bateri" bizoroshya gusangira amakuru no guhuza uburyo bwo gucunga bateri, bikongera ubwisanzure no gukurikirana amakuru y’igihe cy’imikorere y’amashanyarazi.

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