Isoko ryo kubika optique mu Bushinwa mu 2023

Ku ya 13 Gashyantare, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyagiranye ikiganiro n’abanyamakuru i Beijing. Wang Dapeng, Umuyobozi wungirije w'ishami rishinzwe ingufu nshya kandi zishobora kuvugururwa mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, yatangaje ko mu 2022, ingufu nshya zashyizweho n’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi mu gihugu zizarenga miliyoni 120 kilowat, zigera kuri miliyoni 125 kilowat, zica miliyoni 100 kilowati mu myaka itatu ikurikiranye, kandi zikaba zaratsinze amateka mashya.

Liu Yafang, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga ingufu n’ibikoresho bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, yavuze ko mu mpera za 2022, ubushobozi bwashyizweho bw’imishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihugu hose bumaze kugera kuri kilowati miliyoni 8.7, mu gihe impuzandengo yo kubika ingufu zingana n’amasaha agera kuri 2.1, ikiyongeraho hejuru ya 110% mu mpera za 2021.

Mu myaka yashize, mu ntego ebyiri za karubone, iterambere risimbuka ry’ingufu nshya nk’umuyaga w’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ryihuse, mu gihe ihindagurika n’impanuka z’ingufu nshya byabaye ingorabahizi mu gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye. Gutanga ingufu no kubika ingufu byahindutse buhoro buhoro inzira nyamukuru, ifite imirimo yo guhagarika ihindagurika ry’ingufu nshya zitanga ingufu, kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nshya, kugabanya gutandukana kwa gahunda y’amashanyarazi, kunoza umutekano n’umutekano w’ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi, no koroshya ubwikorezi bw’itumanaho

Ku ya 21 Mata 2021, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura hamwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu batanze Igitekerezo kiyobora ku kwihutisha iterambere ry’ububiko bushya bw’ingufu kandi basaba ibitekerezo umuryango wose. Yagaragaje neza ko ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo kubika ingufu nshya buzagera kuri kilowati zirenga miliyoni 30 mu 2025. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu mpera za 2020, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi ni megawatt 3269.2, cyangwa miliyoni 3.3 kilowat, nk’uko intego yo kwishyiriraho ibiteganijwe mu Bushinwa, mu 2025, ingufu zashyizweho n’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi.

Uyu munsi, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryububiko bwa PV +, hamwe na politiki ninkunga yisoko, ni gute iterambere ryisoko ryo kubika ingufu? Tuvuge iki ku mikorere ya sitasiyo yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mu bikorwa? Irashobora kugira uruhare rwayo nagaciro kayo?

Ububiko bugera kuri 30%!

Kuva kubushake kugeza kubiteganijwe, itegeko rikomeye ryo kubika ryatanzwe

Dukurikije imibare y’urusobe mpuzamahanga rw’ingufu / Umutwe wa Photovoltaic (PV-2005), kugeza ubu, ibihugu 25 byose byatanze politiki yo gusobanura neza ibisabwa kugira ngo ibone ifoto n’ububiko. Muri rusange, uturere twinshi dusaba ko gukwirakwiza no kubika igipimo cy’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi kiri hagati ya 5% na 30% yubushobozi bwashyizweho, igihe cyo kugena ni amasaha 2-4, naho uturere duke ni isaha 1

Muri byo, Umujyi wa Zaozhuang wo mu Ntara ya Shandong wasuzumye neza igipimo cy’iterambere, ibiranga imizigo, igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’amafoto n’ibindi bintu, kandi gishyiraho ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu ukurikije ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa 15% - 30% (byahinduwe hakurikijwe icyiciro cy’iterambere) hamwe n’amasaha 2-4, cyangwa bikodesha ibikoresho bisanganywe ingufu bifite ubushobozi bumwe, bikaba byarabaye igisenge cy’ibikwirakwizwa by’amafoto. Mubyongeyeho, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan nahandi bisaba kugabana no kubika kugera kuri 20%

Twabibutsa ko Guizhou yasohoye inyandiko isobanura neza ko imishinga mishya y’ingufu igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu gihe cy’amasaha abiri yubaka cyangwa igura ububiko bw’ingufu ku gipimo kitari munsi ya 10% y’ubushobozi bwashyizweho bw’ingufu nshya (igipimo cy’ihuza gishobora guhinduka mu buryo bukurikije uko ibintu bimeze) kugira ngo gikemuke cyo kogosha; Ku mishinga mishya yingufu zidafite ububiko bwingufu, imiyoboro ya gride ntizafatwa nkigihe gito, ishobora gufatwa nkigabanywa rikomeye hamwe nububiko

Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu:

Biragoye kubona inyungu kandi ishyaka ryibigo muri rusange ntabwo riri hejuru

Dukurikije imibare y’urusobe mpuzamahanga rw’ingufu / Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), mu 2022, hashyizweho umukono / hateganijwe imishinga yo kubika ingufu z’umuyaga n’izuba 83 mu gihugu hose, ifite umushinga ugaragara wa 191.553GW n’ishoramari risobanutse rya miliyari 663.346

Mu bunini bw'imishinga yasobanuwe, Mongoliya y'imbere iza ku mwanya wa mbere na 53.436GW, Gansu iza ku mwanya wa kabiri na 47.307GW, naho Heilongjiang iza ku mwanya wa gatatu na 15.83GW. Ingano yimishinga yintara ya Guizhou, Shanxi, Sinayi, Liaoning, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Shandong, na Anhui zose zirenga 1GW

Mugihe itangwa rishya ryingufu hamwe nimbaraga zo kubika ingufu zimaze kwiyongera, sitasiyo yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe mubikorwa byaguye mubihe biteye impungenge. Umubare munini wo gushyigikira imishinga yo kubika ingufu ziri murwego rwubusa kandi buhoro buhoro biba ibintu biteye isoni

Nk’uko bigaragazwa na “Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku mikorere yo gukwirakwiza ingufu n’ububiko bushya” yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, ibiciro by’imishinga yo kubika ingufu ahanini biri hagati ya 1500-3000 Yuan / kWt. Bitewe nimbibi zitandukanye, itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yimishinga ni nini. Uhereye kubintu bifatika, inyungu yimishinga myinshi yo kubika ingufu ntabwo iri hejuru

Ibi ntibishobora gutandukana nimbogamizi zukuri. Ku ruhande rumwe, mu bijyanye no kugera ku isoko, uburyo bwo kugera ku mashanyarazi abika ingufu kugira uruhare mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi ntirurasobanurwa neza, kandi amategeko y’ubucuruzi ntarakosorwa. Ku rundi ruhande, ku bijyanye n’uburyo bw’ibiciro, ishyirwaho ry’uburyo bwigenga bwo kugena ibiciro by’ingufu zibika ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku ruhande rwa gride ntibyatinze, kandi inganda muri rusange ziracyafite logique yuzuye y’ubucuruzi yo kuyobora imari shingiro mu mushinga wo kubika ingufu. Kurundi ruhande, ikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu nshya ni kinini kandi imikorere ni mike, Kubura imiyoboro yo kunyura. Nk’uko raporo z’ibitangazamakuru zibishinzwe zibitangaza, kuri ubu, ikiguzi cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu n’ububiko bushya gitwarwa n’inganda nshya ziteza imbere ingufu, zidashyikirizwa epfo. Igiciro cya bateri ya lithium ion cyiyongereye, ibyo bikaba byazanye ingufu nyinshi mubikorwa bishya byingufu kandi bigira ingaruka kumyemezo yishoramari yibigo bishya biteza imbere ingufu. Byongeye kandi, mu myaka ibiri ishize, hamwe nigiciro cyibikoresho bya silicon murwego rwo hejuru rwurunigi rwinganda zifotora ruzamuka, igiciro gihindagurika cyane. Ku nganda nshya z’ingufu zifite gukwirakwiza no kubika ku gahato, Nta gushidikanya, ibintu bibiri byiyongereye ku mutwaro w’inganda nshya zitanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi, bityo ishyaka ry’inganda zo gutanga ingufu n’ububiko muri rusange ni rito

Inzitizi nyamukuru:

Ikibazo cyumutekano wo kubika ingufu kiracyakemutse, kandi imikorere no gufata neza amashanyarazi biragoye

Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ubwoko bushya bwo kubika ingufu bwateye imbere kandi bugenda bukoreshwa cyane, mu gihe umutekano wo kubika ingufu wabaye mubi. Nk’uko imibare ituzuye, kuva mu mwaka wa 2018, ku isi hose habaye ibintu birenga 40 byo guturika no kubika umuriro w’ububiko bw’ingufu, cyane cyane iturika ry’ikigo cy’amashanyarazi cya Beijing ku ya 16 Mata 2021, cyateje urupfu rw’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro, inkomere y’umuriro umwe, ndetse no gutakaza umubonano w’umukozi umwe muri sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, Ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu ndetse no kwizerwa bidahwitse, umutekano uhagije ndetse n’ibikorwa by’umutekano bidahwitse, umutekano uhagije hamwe n’ibikorwa by’umutekano bidahwitse, umutekano uhagije ndetse n’umutekano udahagije, uburyo budasanzwe bwo kuburira umutekano hamwe nuburyo bwihutirwa

Byongeye kandi, kubera igitutu cyigiciro kinini, abubaka umushinga wo kubika ingufu bahisemo ibicuruzwa bibika ingufu bifite imikorere mibi nigiciro gito cyishoramari, ibyo bikaba byongera umutekano muke. Birashobora kuvugwa ko ikibazo cyumutekano aricyo kintu cyingenzi kigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ryiza kandi rihamye ry’ububiko bushya bwo kubika ingufu, bigomba gukemurwa byihutirwa

Ku bijyanye n’imikorere y’amashanyarazi no kuyitaho, nk'uko raporo y’ubumwe bw’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ibigaragaza, umubare w’utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amashanyarazi ni munini, kandi igipimo cy’umubare w’utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umushinga wo kubika ingufu kigeze ku bihumbi mirongo cyangwa n’ibihumbi magana. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyo guta agaciro, gutakaza imbaraga zo guhindura ingufu, ubushobozi bwa bateri kwangirika nibindi bintu bikora nabyo bizamura cyane ubuzima bwikiciro cyubuzima bwa sitasiyo yose ibika ingufu, bigoye cyane kubungabunga; Imikorere no gufata neza ingufu zibika ingufu zirimo amashanyarazi, imiti, kugenzura nizindi nzego. Kugeza ubu, imikorere no kuyitaho ni byinshi, kandi ubuhanga bwibikorwa no kubungabunga abakozi bugomba kunozwa

Amahirwe n'imbogamizi burigihe bijyana. Nigute dushobora kwerekana uruhare runini rwo gukwirakwiza ingufu no kubika no gutanga ibisubizo bishimishije byo kugera ku ntego ya karuboni ebyiri?

“Inama nyunguranabitekerezo ku bubiko bw’ingufu na sisitemu nshya y’ingufu”, yatewe inkunga n’umuyoboro mpuzamahanga w’ingufu, Umutwe wa Photovoltaic n’umutwe wo kubika ingufu, ufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Ingufu nshya, sisitemu nshya n’ibidukikije bishya”, izabera i Beijing ku ya 21 Gashyantare. Hagati aho, “Ihuriro ry’inganda 7 ry’Ubushinwa Photovoltaic” rizabera i Beijing ku ya 22 Gashyantare.

Ihuriro rigamije kubaka urubuga rushingiye ku guhanahana inganda zifotora. Ihuriro rirahamagarira abayobozi, impuguke n’intiti za komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura, Ubuyobozi bw’ingufu, impuguke zemewe n’inganda, amashyirahamwe y’inganda, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, ibigo by’ibishushanyo n’ibindi bigo, ndetse n’inganda zishoramari z’amashanyarazi nka Huaneng, Itsinda ry’ingufu z’igihugu, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ishoramari ry’amashanyarazi, Ubushinwa bubungabunga ingufu, Datang, Imigezi itatu, Ubushinwa n’ingufu za ingufu za kirimbuzi, Ubushinwa inganda zikora inganda, Ababigize umwuga nkibigo bihuza sisitemu n’inganda za EPC bagomba kuganira byimazeyo no kungurana ibitekerezo bishyushye nka politiki y’inganda zifotora, ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ry’inganda n’imigendekere mu rwego rwa sisitemu nshya y’amashanyarazi, kandi bigafasha inganda kurangiza kugera ku majyambere ahuriweho.

“Inama nyunguranabitekerezo ku bubiko bw'ingufu na sisitemu nshya y’ingufu” izaganira kandi yungurane ibitekerezo bishyushye nka politiki yo kubika ingufu z’inganda, ikoranabuhanga, guhuriza hamwe ububiko bw’amashanyarazi, n'ibindi, hamwe n’inganda nka Groupe y’ingufu z’igihugu, Trina Solar, Itsinda rya Pasika, Chint New Energy, Kehua Digital Energy, Baoguang Zhizhong, Ububiko bwa Aishiwei, ingufu z’ibidukikije zizagerwaho mu rwego rwo kubaka ibibazo by’ibidukikije kugira ngo tuneshe ingufu mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibidukikije kugira ngo dutsinde mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo tuneshe ingufu mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibidukikije kugira ngo dutsinde mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo dutsinde. ya ecosystem nshya, Tanga ibitekerezo bishya nubushishozi