Ububiko bushya bw'ingufu mu Bushinwa buzazana ibihe byiza by'iterambere

Mu mpera za 2022, ubushobozi bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa bugeze kuri kilowati miliyari 1.213, biruta ubushobozi bw'ingufu z'amakara zishyirwa mu gihugu, bingana na 47.3% by'ubushobozi bwose bw'ingufu zishyirwa mu gihugu. Ubushobozi bw'ingufu zitangwa buri mwaka bungana na kilowati miliyari 2700 z'amasaha, bingana na 31.6% by'ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage, bingana n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi mu 2021. Ikibazo cy'amategeko agenga sisitemu yose y'ingufu kizarushaho kugaragara, bityo ububiko bushya bw'ingufu buzazana ibihe by'amahirwe menshi mu iterambere!

Umunyamabanga Mukuru yagaragaje ko guteza imbere iterambere ry’ingufu nshya kandi zisukuye bigomba guhabwa umwanya ukomeye. Mu 2022, hamwe n’impinduka mu by’ingufu ziyongera, iterambere ry’ingufu zisubira mu Bushinwa ryageze ku ntambwe nshya, kandi ubushobozi bwose bw’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihugu mu guca amakara bwarenze ubushobozi bw’igihugu mu gushyiraho amakara, bwinjiye mu cyiciro gishya cy’iterambere rinini kandi rigezweho.

Mu ntangiriro z'Iserukiramuco ry'Impeshyi, ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zisukuye zongewe ku Muyoboro w'Ingufu z'Igihugu. Ku ruzi rwa Jinsha, utwuma 16 twose twa sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya Baihetan twatangiye gukora, tugatanga amashanyarazi arenga miliyoni 100 z'amasaha ya kilowati buri munsi. Ku kibaya cya Qinghai-Tibet, hari kilowati 700000 za PV zashyizwe muri Delingha National Large Wind Power PV Base kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo buhuza n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Iruhande rw'Ubutayu bwa Tengger, turbine 60 z'umuyaga zamaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa zatangiye kuzunguruka zihanganye n'umuyaga, kandi buri hinduka rishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ya dogere 480.

Mu 2022, ubushobozi bushya bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk'ingufu zikomoka ku mazi, umuyaga n'ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic mu gihugu buzagera ku rwego rushya, bungana na 76% by'ubushobozi bushya bwo gutanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu, kandi bube igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubushobozi bushya bwo gutanga amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa. Mu mpera za 2022, ubushobozi bw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa bugeze kuri kilowati miliyari 1.213, biruta ubushobozi bw'ingufu z'amakara zishyirwa mu gihugu, bingana na 47.3% by'ubushobozi bwose bw'ingufu zishyirwa mu gihugu. Ubushobozi bw'ingufu zikoreshwa buri mwaka burenga miliyari 2700 z'amasaha ya kilowati, bingana na 31.6% by'ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage, bingana n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi mu 2021.

Li Chuangjun, Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ingufu Nshya n’Ingufu Zisubira mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu, yagize ati: “Kuri ubu, ingufu zisubira mu Bushinwa zagaragaje ibintu bishya by’iterambere rinini, ry’ikigereranyo kinini, rishingiye ku isoko kandi rifite ireme. Ingufu z’isoko zarekuwe byuzuye. Iterambere ry’inganda ryayoboye isi kandi ryinjiye mu ntera nshya y’iterambere ridasanzwe.
Muri iki gihe, kuva mu butayu bwa Gobi kugeza ku nyanja y'ubururu, kuva ku gisenge cy'isi kugeza ku kibaya kinini, ingufu zisubiramo zigaragaza imbaraga nyinshi. Sitasiyo nini cyane z'amashanyarazi nka Xiangjiaba, Xiluodu, Wudongde na Baihetan zarashyizweho, kandi ingufu nyinshi z'umuyaga n'ingufu za photovoltaic za kilowatts miliyoni 10 zuzuye kandi zirashyirwa mu bikorwa, harimo Jiuquan, Gansu, Hami, Xinjiang na Zhangjiakou, Hebei.

Ubushobozi bwashyizweho bw'ingufu zikomoka ku mazi, ingufu z'umuyaga, ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic n'ingufu zikomoka kuri biomass mu Bushinwa ni bwo bwa mbere ku isi mu myaka myinshi yikurikiranya. Ibice by'ingenzi nka modules za photovoltaic, turbine z'umuyaga n'udusanduku tw'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu Bushinwa bigira 70% by'isoko mpuzamahanga. Mu 2022, ibikoresho bikorerwa mu Bushinwa bizatanga inkunga irenga 40% by'igabanuka ry'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Ubushinwa bwabaye uruhare runini mu guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi.

Yi Yuechun, Visi Perezida Mukuru w’Ikigo Gikuru cy’Igenamigambi n’Ibishushanyo mbonera by’Ingufu z’Amazi: Raporo y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya 20 y’Ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa yatanze igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere mu buryo buhamye kandi buhamye ubwiyongere bwa karuboni no kugabanya karuboni, byagaragaje ibisabwa byinshi mu iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Ntidukwiye gutera imbere gusa ku rwego runini, ahubwo tugomba no gukoresha ku rwego rwo hejuru. Tugomba kandi kwemeza ko amashanyarazi atangwa neza kandi ahamye kandi yihutishwa igenamigambi n’iyubakwa ry’uburyo bushya bw’ingufu.

Muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa burimo guteza imbere byimazeyo iterambere ry’ingufu zisubiramo, bwibanda ku butayu, Gobi n’ubutayu, kandi bwihutisha iyubakwa ry’ingufu nshya ku migabane irindwi, harimo n’impande zo hejuru z’uruzi rwa Yellow, Hexi Corridor, “inkombe nyinshi” z’uruzi rwa Yellow, na Xinjiang, ndetse n’ibice bibiri by’ingenzi by’amazi bihujwe hamwe n’ibice by’ingufu z’umuyaga mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou na Guangxi.

Mu rwego rwo gusunika ingufu z'umuyaga mu nyanja nini, urubuga rwa mbere rw'ingufu z'umuyaga mu Bushinwa, “CNOOC Mission Hills”, rufite ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi burenga metero 100 n'intera irenga kilometero 100 ku nkombe z'inyanja, rurimo gutangira gukoreshwa byihuse kandi biteganijwe ko ruzatangira gukoreshwa burundu muri Kamena uyu mwaka.

Kugira ngo ingufu nshya zirusheho kwinjiza ku rugero runini, muri Ulanqab, muri Mongoliya y'imbere, porogaramu zirindwi zo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu, zirimo bateri za lithium-ion zikora neza, bateri za sodium-ion n'ububiko bw'ingufu zikora ku maguru, ziri kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n'iterambere.

Sun Changping, perezida w’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya Siyansi n’Ikoranabuhanga cya Three Gorges Group, yagize ati: “Tuzateza imbere ubu buryo bushya bwo kubika ingufu bukwiye kandi bufite umutekano mu iterambere rinini ry’imishinga mishya y’ingufu, kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu nshya hamwe n’urwego rw’imikorere y’amashanyarazi mu mutekano.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ingufu giteganya ko mu 2025, ingufu zikoreshwa n’umuyaga n’izuba mu Bushinwa zizikuba kabiri uhereye mu 2020, kandi ko hejuru ya 80% by’amashanyarazi mashya akoreshwa n’umuryango wose azava mu ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.