Kodi ubwino wa batri yosungira mphamvu ndi wotani?

Njira yaukadaulo yamakampani osungira mphamvu ku China - kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi: Pakadali pano, zinthu zodziwika bwino za mabatire a lithiamu zimaphatikizapo lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) ndi zinthu za ternary. Lithium cobalt ndi chinthu choyamba chogulitsidwa cha cathode chokhala ndi voltage yayikulu, kuchuluka kwa tap, kapangidwe kokhazikika komanso chitetezo chabwino, koma mtengo wake ndi wotsika komanso mphamvu yochepa. Lithium manganate ili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso voltage yayikulu, koma magwiridwe ake a cycle ndi otsika ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika. Mphamvu ndi mtengo wa zinthu za ternary zimasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nickel, cobalt ndi manganese (kuphatikiza NCA). Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yonse ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa lithium iron phosphate ndi lithium cobalt. Lithium iron phosphate ili ndi mtengo wotsika, magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso chitetezo chabwino, koma nsanja yake ya voltage ndi yotsika ndipo kuchuluka kwake kolimba ndi kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ikhale yochepa. Pakadali pano, gawo lamagetsi likulamulidwa ndi ternary ndi lithium iron, pomwe gawo logwiritsa ntchito ndi lithium cobalt yambiri. Zipangizo za maelekitirodi oipa zitha kugawidwa m'magulu a kaboni ndi zinthu zopanda kaboni: zinthu zopangira kaboni zimaphatikizapo graphite yopangira, graphite yachilengedwe, mesophase carbon microspheres, carbon yofewa, carbon yolimba, ndi zina zotero; Zipangizo zopanda kaboni zimaphatikizapo lithiamu titanate, zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon, zinthu zopangidwa ndi tin, ndi zina zotero. Graphite yachilengedwe ndi graphite yopangira ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano. Ngakhale kuti graphite yachilengedwe ili ndi ubwino pamtengo wake komanso mphamvu zake, nthawi yake yozungulira ndi yochepa ndipo kusasinthasintha kwake ndi kochepa; Komabe, makhalidwe a graphite yopangira ndi ofanana, ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri komanso kugwirizana bwino ndi electrolyte. Graphite yopangira imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamabatire amphamvu agalimoto akuluakulu komanso mabatire apamwamba a lithiamu, pomwe graphite yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamabatire ang'onoang'ono a lithiamu ndi mabatire a lithiamu wamba. Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi silicon muzinthu zopanda kaboni zidakali mkati mwa kafukufuku wopitilira. Olekanitsa mabatire a Lithium amatha kugawidwa m'magulu olekanitsa ouma ndi olekanitsa onyowa malinga ndi njira yopangira, ndipo chophimba chonyowa cha nembanemba mu cholekanitsa chonyowa chidzakhala njira yayikulu. Njira yonyowa ndi njira youma zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Njira yonyowa imakhala ndi kukula kwa ma pore ang'onoang'ono komanso ofanana komanso filimu yopyapyala, koma ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zazikulu, njira yake ndi yovuta, ndipo kuipitsa chilengedwe ndi kwakukulu. Njira youma ndi yosavuta, yopindulitsa kwambiri komanso yosamalira chilengedwe, koma kukula kwa ma pore ndi ma porosity ndizovuta kuwongolera ndipo chinthucho ndi chovuta kuchichepetsa.

Njira yaukadaulo yamakampani osungira mphamvu ku China - kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi: batire ya lead acid batire ya lead acid (VRLA) ndi batire yomwe ma electrode ake amapangidwa makamaka ndi lead ndi oxide yake, ndipo electrolyte ndi yankho la sulfuric acid. Mu mkhalidwe wa batire ya lead-acid, gawo lalikulu la electrode yabwino ndi lead dioxide, ndipo gawo lalikulu la electrode yoyipa ndi lead; Mu mkhalidwe wotulutsa, zigawo zazikulu za ma electrode abwino ndi oipa ndi lead sulfate. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya batire ya lead-acid ndi yakuti batire ya lead-acid ndi mtundu wa batire yokhala ndi carbon dioxide ndi lead yachitsulo chopanda mphamvu ngati zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa motsatana, ndi yankho la sulfuric acid ngati electrolyte. Ubwino wa mabatire a lead-acid ndi unyolo wamafakitale wokhwima, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kukonza kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, moyo wautali, khalidwe lokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Zoyipa zake ndi liwiro lofulumira kuyatsa, mphamvu zochepa, moyo waufupi, kuipitsa mosavuta, ndi zina zotero. Mabatire a lead-acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi okhazikika mu ma telecommunications, solar energy systems, electronic switch systems, communication tools, small backup power supplies (UPS, ECR, computer backup systems, etc.), emergency tools, ndi zina zotero, komanso ngati magetsi akuluakulu mu zida zolumikizirana, ma locomotives olamulira magetsi (magalimoto ogulidwa, magalimoto oyendera okha, magalimoto amagetsi), makina oyambira zida (zida zobowolera zingwe, ma driver amagetsi, ma sledge amagetsi), zida/zipangizo zamafakitale, makamera, ndi zina zotero.

Njira yaukadaulo yamakampani osungira mphamvu ku China - kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi: batire yamadzimadzi ndi batire ya sodium sulfure batire yamadzimadzi ndi mtundu wa batire yomwe imatha kusunga magetsi ndikutulutsa magetsi kudzera mu electrochemical reaction ya magetsi osungunuka pa electrode yopanda madzi. Kapangidwe ka monomer ya batire yamadzimadzi imaphatikizapo: ma electrode abwino ndi oipa; Chipinda cha electrode chozunguliridwa ndi diaphragm ndi electrode; thanki ya Electrolyte, pampu ndi dongosolo la mapaipi. Batire yamadzimadzi ndi chipangizo chosungira mphamvu zamagetsi chomwe chingathe kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mankhwala kudzera mu njira yochepetsera okosijeni ya zinthu zogwira ntchito zamadzimadzi, motero kuzindikira kusungidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Pali mitundu yambiri yogawidwa ndi machitidwe enaake a batire yamadzimadzi. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu inayi yokha ya machitidwe a batire yamadzimadzi omwe amaphunziridwa mozama padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza batire yamadzimadzi ya vanadium, batire yamadzimadzi ya zinc-bromine, batire yamadzimadzi ya iron-chromium ndi batire yamadzimadzi ya sodium polysulfide/bromine. Batire ya sodium-sulfur imapangidwa ndi ma electrode abwino, ma electrode oipa, electrolyte, diaphragm ndi chipolopolo, zomwe zimasiyana ndi batire yachiwiri (batire ya lead-acid, batire ya nickel-cadmium, ndi zina zotero). Batire ya sodium-sulfur imapangidwa ndi ma electrode osungunuka ndi electrolyte yolimba. Chinthu chogwira ntchito cha ma electrode oipa ndi sodium yachitsulo yosungunuka, ndipo chinthu chogwira ntchito cha ma electrode abwino ndi sulfure yamadzimadzi ndi sodium polysulfide yosungunuka. Anode ya batire ya sodium-sulfur imapangidwa ndi sulfure yamadzimadzi, cathode imapangidwa ndi sodium yamadzimadzi, ndipo chubu cha beta-aluminium cha zinthu zadothi chimalekanitsidwa pakati. Kutentha kwa batire kuyenera kusungidwa pamwamba pa 300 ° C kuti ma electrode asunge electrodeyo kukhala yosungunuka. Njira yaukadaulo yamakampani osungira mphamvu ku China - cell yamafuta: cell yosungira mphamvu ya hydrogen cell yamafuta a hydrogen ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mwachindunji mphamvu ya mankhwala ya hydrogen kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti haidrojeni imalowa mu anode ya selo yamafuta, imawola kukhala ma protoni a gasi ndi ma elekitironi motsogozedwa ndi catalyst, ndipo ma protoni a haidrojeni opangidwa amadutsa mu nembanemba yosinthira ma protoni kuti akafike ku cathode ya selo yamafuta ndikuphatikizana ndi mpweya kuti apange madzi, Ma elekitironi amafika ku cathode ya selo yamafuta kudzera mu dera lakunja kuti apange mphamvu. Kwenikweni, ndi chipangizo chopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Kukula kwa msika wamakampani osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi - mphamvu yatsopano yokhazikitsidwa yamakampani osungira mphamvu yawirikiza kawiri - kukula kwa msika wamakampani osungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi - mabatire a lithiamu-ion akadali njira yayikulu yosungira mphamvu - mabatire a lithiamu-ion ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu yosinthira kwambiri, kuyankha mwachangu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo pakadali pano ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mphamvu yokhazikitsidwa kupatula malo osungira opompedwa. Malinga ndi pepala loyera lokhudza chitukuko cha makampani a batire a lithiamu-ion aku China (2022) lomwe linatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi EVTank ndi Ivy Institute of Economics. Malinga ndi deta ya pepala loyera, mu 2021, mabatire onse a lithiamu ion padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala 562.4GWh, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa 91% pachaka, ndipo gawo lake m'malo osungira mphamvu atsopano padziko lonse lapansi lidzapitirira 90%. Ngakhale mitundu ina yosungira mphamvu monga batire ya vanadium-flow, batire ya sodium-ion ndi mpweya wopanikizika yayambanso kulandira chidwi chochulukirapo m'zaka zaposachedwa, batire ya lithiamu-ion ikadali ndi zabwino zambiri pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, mtengo wake komanso kukula kwa mafakitale. M'kanthawi kochepa komanso kwapakatikati, batire ya lithiamu-ion idzakhala njira yayikulu yosungira mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo gawo lake m'malo osungira mphamvu atsopano lidzakhalabe pamlingo wapamwamba.

Longrun-energy imayang'ana kwambiri pa malo osungira mphamvu ndipo imagwirizanitsa malo operekera mphamvu kuti ipereke njira zosungira mphamvu pazochitika zapakhomo, mafakitale ndi zamalonda, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe, maphunziro okonzekera, njira zothetsera msika, kuwongolera ndalama, kasamalidwe, ntchito ndi kukonza, ndi zina zotero. Ndi zaka zambiri zogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi opanga mabatire odziwika bwino komanso opanga ma inverter, tafotokoza mwachidule zaukadaulo ndi chitukuko kuti timange maziko ophatikizana a ntchito zoperekera mphamvu.