Kafukufuku Waposachedwa pa Mapanelo a Photovoltaic

Pakadali pano, ofufuza akugwira ntchito pa madera atatu akuluakulu ofufuza za photovoltaics: crystalline silicon, perovskites ndi ma solar cell osinthasintha. Madera atatuwa ndi othandizana, ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kopangitsa ukadaulo wa photovoltaic kukhala wogwira mtima kwambiri.

Silikoni yopangidwa ndi kristalo ndiyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu semiconducting pa solar panels. Komabe, mphamvu yake ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi malire a chiphunzitso. Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ma PV apamwamba a kristalo. National Renewable Energy Laboratory pakadali pano ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zida za III-V multijunction zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito mpaka 30%.

Ma Perovskite ndi mtundu watsopano wa maselo a dzuwa omwe awonetsedwa posachedwapa kuti ndi othandiza komanso ogwira ntchito bwino. Zipangizozi zimatchedwanso "photosynthetic complexes." Zagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera mphamvu ya maselo a dzuwa. Akuyembekezeka kugulitsidwa m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Poyerekeza ndi silicon, ma perovskite ndi otsika mtengo ndipo ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe angathe kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ma Perovskite amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu za silicon kuti apange selo la dzuwa logwira ntchito komanso lolimba. Ma cell a dzuwa a Perovskite crystal amatha kukhala ogwira ntchito bwino ndi 20 peresenti kuposa silicon. Zipangizo za Perovskite ndi Si-PV zawonetsanso kuti magwiridwe antchito ake ndi ochulukirapo mpaka 28 peresenti. Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza apanga ukadaulo wa bifacial womwe umathandiza ma cell a dzuwa kusonkhanitsa mphamvu kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri za gululo. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zamalonda, chifukwa zimasunga ndalama pa ndalama zoyikira.

Kuwonjezera pa ma perovskite, ofufuza akufufuzanso zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zonyamulira magetsi kapena zoyatsira magetsi. Zinthuzi zingathandizenso kupanga maselo a dzuwa kukhala otchipa. Zingathandizenso kupanga mapanelo omwe sangawonongeke kwambiri.

Ofufuza akugwira ntchito yopanga selo la dzuwa la Tandem Perovskite lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Selo ili likuyembekezeka kugulitsidwa m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Ofufuzawa akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi US Department of Energy ndi National Science Foundation.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza akugwiranso ntchito njira zatsopano zopezera mphamvu ya dzuwa mumdima. Njirazi zikuphatikizapo kusungunuka kwa dzuwa, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuchokera pa bolodi kuti kuyeretsa madzi. Njirazi zikuyesedwa ku Stanford University.

Ofufuza akufufuzanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za thermoradiative PV. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuchokera pa bolodi kuti zipange magetsi usiku. Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kukhala wothandiza kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komwe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino bolodi kumakhala kochepa. Kutentha kwa maselo kumatha kukwera kufika pa madigiri 25 Celsius pamwamba pa denga lamdima. Maselo amathanso kuziziritsidwa ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino.

Ofufuzawa posachedwapa apezanso kugwiritsa ntchito maselo osinthika a dzuwa. Mapanelo awa amatha kupirira kumizidwa m'madzi ndipo ndi opepuka kwambiri. Amathanso kupirira kugundidwa ndi galimoto. Kafukufuku wawo akuthandizidwa ndi Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program. Athanso kupanga njira yatsopano yoyesera maselo a PV.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa pa mapanelo a photovoltaic akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ukadaulo wogwira ntchito bwino, wotsika mtengo, komanso wolimba. Kafukufukuyu akuchitidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Ukadaulo wabwino kwambiri umaphatikizapo maselo a solar a m'badwo wachiwiri a thin-film ndi maselo a solar osinthasintha.