Msika wosungiramo zinthu zowunikira ku China mu 2023

Pa February 13, bungwe la National Energy Administration linachita msonkhano wa atolankhani nthawi zonse ku Beijing. Wang Dapeng, Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu Zatsopano ndi Zobwezeretsanso ku National Energy Administration, adalengeza kuti mu 2022, mphamvu yatsopano yopangira mphamvu ya mphepo ndi photovoltaic mdziko muno idzapitirira ma kilowatts 120 miliyoni, kufika ma kilowatts 125 miliyoni, kuswa ma kilowatts 100 miliyoni kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana, ndikufikira pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Liu Yafang, wachiwiri kwa director wa Dipatimenti Yoona za Kusunga Mphamvu ndi Zida Zasayansi ndi Ukadaulo ku National Energy Administration, adati pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, mphamvu yokhazikika ya mapulojekiti atsopano osungira mphamvu omwe akugwira ntchito mdziko lonselo idafika pa ma kilowatts 8.7 miliyoni, ndi nthawi yosungira mphamvu yapakati ya maola pafupifupi 2.1, kuwonjezeka kwa oposa 110% kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pansi pa cholinga cha dual-carbon, kukula kwa mphamvu zatsopano monga mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa kwawonjezeka, pomwe kusasinthasintha ndi kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu zatsopano kwakhala zovuta pakutsimikizira kuti magetsi akupezeka bwino. Kugawa ndi kusunga mphamvu zatsopano pang'onopang'ono kwakhala chinthu chachikulu, chomwe chili ndi ntchito zoletsa kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu zatsopano zotulutsa mphamvu, kukonza momwe mphamvu zatsopano zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuchepetsa kusokonekera kwa dongosolo lopangira mphamvu, kukonza chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya gridi yamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma transmission.

Pa Epulo 21, 2021, National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration adatulutsa Malangizo Okhudza Kufulumizitsa Chitukuko cha Malo Osungiramo Mphamvu Zatsopano ndipo adapempha maganizo kuchokera kwa anthu onse. Adanena momveka bwino kuti mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu zatsopano idzafika pa ma kilowatts opitilira 30 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020, China yakhazikitsa mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi ndi 3269.2 megawatts, kapena ma kilowatts 3.3 miliyoni, malinga ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa chomwe chaperekedwa mu chikalatacho, Pofika chaka cha 2025, mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ku China idzawonjezeka pafupifupi nthawi 10.

Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa malo osungira mphamvu a PV+, limodzi ndi mfundo ndi chithandizo cha msika, kodi msika wosungira mphamvu uli bwanji? Nanga bwanji za kayendetsedwe ka malo osungira mphamvu omwe ayamba kugwira ntchito? Kodi ingathandize komanso kufunika kwake?

Kufikira 30% yosungirako!

Kuyambira pa nthawi yosankha mpaka nthawi yokakamiza, lamulo lokhwima kwambiri logawa malo osungira zinthu linaperekedwa

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), mpaka pano, mayiko okwana 25 apereka mfundo zofotokozera zofunikira zenizeni pakukonza ndi kusunga magetsi a photovoltaic. Kawirikawiri, madera ambiri amafuna kuti kuchuluka kwa magetsi a photovoltaic omwe amagawidwa ndi kusungidwa kwake kukhale pakati pa 5% ndi 30% ya mphamvu yomwe yayikidwa, nthawi yokonza magetsi ndi maola 2-4, ndipo madera ochepa ndi ola limodzi.

Pakati pawo, Mzinda wa Zaozhuang ku Shandong Province waganizira bwino kukula kwa chitukuko, mawonekedwe a katundu, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito a photovoltaic ndi zina, ndipo wakonza malo osungiramo mphamvu malinga ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya 15% - 30% (yosinthidwa malinga ndi gawo la chitukuko) ndi nthawi ya maola 2-4, kapena wabwereka malo osungiramo mphamvu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yofanana, yomwe yakhala denga la zofunikira pakugawa ndi kusunga magetsi a photovoltaic. Kuphatikiza apo, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan ndi malo ena amafuna kuti chiŵerengero cha kugawa ndi kusunga magetsi chifike pa 20%.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti Guizhou adatulutsa chikalata chofotokozera kuti mapulojekiti atsopano amagetsi ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa maola awiri pomanga kapena kugula malo osungira mphamvu pamlingo wosachepera 10% wa mphamvu yatsopano yoyikidwa (chiŵerengero cholumikizirana chingasinthidwe motsatizana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili) kuti chikwaniritse kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kumeta; Pamapulojekiti atsopano amagetsi opanda malo osungira mphamvu, kulumikizana kwa gridi sikungaganizidwe kwakanthawi, komwe kungawonedwe ngati dongosolo lokhwima kwambiri logawa ndi kusungira mphamvu.

Zipangizo zosungira mphamvu:

N'zovuta kupeza phindu ndipo changu cha mabizinesi nthawi zambiri sichikhala chachikulu

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), mu 2022, mapulojekiti okwana 83 osungira mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa adasainidwa/adakonzedwa mdziko lonselo, ndi mulingo womveka bwino wa pulojekiti ya 191.553GW ndi ndalama zodziwika bwino za yuan 663.346 biliyoni.

Pakati pa kukula kwa polojekitiyi, Inner Mongolia ili pamalo oyamba ndi 53.436GW, Gansu ili pamalo achiwiri ndi 47.307GW, ndipo Heilongjiang ili pamalo achitatu ndi 15.83GW. Kukula kwa polojekitiyi m'zigawo za Guizhou, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Shandong, ndi Anhui zonse zimaposa 1GW.

Ngakhale kuti malo atsopano ogawa mphamvu ndi malo osungira mphamvu akukula, malo osungira mphamvu omwe ayamba kugwira ntchito agwera mu mkhalidwe wodetsa nkhawa. Mapulojekiti ambiri othandizira osungira mphamvu ali mu gawo losagwira ntchito ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakhala vuto lochititsa manyazi.

Malinga ndi "Research Report on the Operation of New Energy Distribution and Storage" yotulutsidwa ndi China Electricity Union, mtengo wa mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 1500-3000 yuan/kWh. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyana ya malire, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa mapulojekiti ndi kwakukulu. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, phindu la mapulojekiti ambiri osungira mphamvu si lalikulu.

Izi sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zoletsa zenizeni. Kumbali imodzi, pankhani yopezera msika, njira zopezera magetsi kuti malo osungira magetsi azitenga nawo mbali pamsika wogulitsa magetsi sizinafotokozedwe bwino, ndipo malamulo amalonda sanakonzedwebe. Kumbali ina, pankhani ya njira yogulira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yodziyimira payokha yopangira mitengo ya malo osungira magetsi kumbali ya gridi sikunachedwetsedwe, ndipo makampani onse akusowabe njira yokwanira yoyendetsera bizinesi yoyendetsera ndalama za anthu mu projekiti yosungira magetsi. Kumbali ina, mtengo wosungira magetsi atsopano ndi wokwera ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi otsika, Kusowa kwa njira zoyendetsera magetsi. Malinga ndi malipoti ofunikira a atolankhani, pakadali pano, mtengo wogawa ndi kusungira magetsi atsopano umayendetsedwa ndi makampani atsopano opanga magetsi, omwe satumizidwa kumadera otsika. Mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu ion wakwera, zomwe zabweretsa kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa makampani atsopano opanga magetsi ndikukhudza zisankho zogulira magetsi za makampani atsopano opanga magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ndi mtengo wa zinthu za silicon zomwe zili pamwamba pa unyolo wamakampani opanga magetsi akukwera, mtengo umasinthasintha kwambiri. Kwa mabizinesi atsopano amphamvu omwe ali ndi kugawa ndi kusunga mokakamiza, Mosakayikira, zinthu ziwirizi zawonjezera katundu kwa mabizinesi atsopano opanga mphamvu, kotero chidwi cha mabizinesi pakugawa ndi kusunga mphamvu zatsopano nthawi zambiri chimakhala chochepa.

Zoletsa zazikulu:

Vuto la chitetezo cha kusungira mphamvu lidakalipobe, ndipo kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza malo opangira magetsi n'kovuta.

M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, mitundu yatsopano yosungira mphamvu yakula ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe chitetezo cha malo osungira mphamvu chakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kuyambira 2018, zochitika zoposa 40 za kuphulika kwa mabatire osungira mphamvu ndi moto zachitika padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka kuphulika kwa Beijing Energy Storage Power Station pa Epulo 16, 2021, komwe kunapha ozimitsa moto awiri, kuvulala kwa ozimitsa moto m'modzi, komanso kutayika kwa wogwira ntchito m'modzi pa siteshoni yamagetsi. Zinthu zomwe zilipo pakali pano za mabatire osungira mphamvu zikukumana ndi mavuto monga kusakwanira chitetezo ndi kudalirika, chitsogozo chofooka cha miyezo ndi zofunikira, kusakwaniritsa bwino njira zoyendetsera chitetezo, komanso machenjezo osakwanira achitetezo komanso njira zadzidzidzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi mtengo wokwera, omanga mapulojekiti ena osungira mphamvu asankha zinthu zosungira mphamvu zomwe sizigwira ntchito bwino komanso ndalama zochepa zogulira, zomwe zimawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha chitetezo. Tinganene kuti vuto la chitetezo ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikukhudza chitukuko chabwino komanso chokhazikika cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi atsopano, chomwe chikufunika kuthetsedwa mwachangu.

Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka malo opangira magetsi ndi kukonza, malinga ndi lipoti la China Electricity Union, chiwerengero cha maselo amagetsi ndi chachikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maselo amodzi a polojekiti yosungira magetsi kwafika pamlingo wa zikwi makumi ambiri kapena mazana ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wochepa, kutayika kwa mphamvu yosinthira magetsi, kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ya batri ndi zinthu zina zomwe zikugwira ntchito zidzawonjezeranso kwambiri mtengo wa moyo wonse wa malo opangira magetsi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusamalira; Kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza malo opangira magetsi kumaphatikizapo magetsi, mankhwala, kulamulira ndi zina. Pakadali pano, ntchito ndi kukonza ndi zambiri, ndipo ukatswiri wa ogwira ntchito ndi kukonza uyenera kukonzedwa.

Mwayi ndi zovuta nthawi zonse zimayendera limodzi. Kodi tingatani kuti tiwonjezere gawo la kugawa ndi kusunga mphamvu zatsopano ndikupereka mayankho okhutiritsa kuti cholinga cha mpweya wa kaboni ukhale wofanana ndi wachiwiri chikwaniritsidwe?

"Simposium on Energy Storage and New Energy Systems", yothandizidwa ndi International Energy Network, Photovoltaic Headlines and Energy Storage Headlines, yokhala ndi mutu wakuti "New Energy, New Systems and New Ecology", idzachitikira ku Beijing pa 21 February. Pakadali pano, "7th China Photovoltaic Industry Forum" idzachitikira ku Beijing pa 22 February.

Cholinga cha msonkhanowu ndi kumanga nsanja yosinthira ndalama zamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic. Msonkhanowu ukuyitanitsa atsogoleri, akatswiri ndi akatswiri a National Development and Reform Commission, Energy Administration, akatswiri odziwika bwino m'makampani, mabungwe ofufuza za sayansi, mabungwe opanga mapulani ndi mabungwe ena, komanso mabizinesi oika ndalama zamagetsi monga Huaneng, National Energy Group, National Power Investment Corporation, China Energy Conservation, Datang, Three Gorges, China Nuclear Power Corporation, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, ndi mabizinesi opanga ma photovoltaic, akatswiri monga makampani ophatikizana ndi mabizinesi a EPC ayenera kukambirana mokwanira ndikugawana mitu yotentha monga mfundo zamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic, ukadaulo, chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi zomwe zikuchitika mu dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi, ndikuthandizira makampaniwa kukwaniritsa chitukuko chophatikizana.

"Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy System" idzakambirana ndikukambirana nkhani zotentha monga mfundo zamakampani osungira mphamvu, ukadaulo, kuphatikiza malo osungira optical, ndi zina zotero, ndi mabizinesi monga National Energy Group, Trina Solar, Easter Group, Chint New Energy, Kehua Digital Energy, Baoguang Zhizhong, Aishiwei Storage, Shouhang New Energy idzayang'ana kwambiri pamavuto omwe ayenera kuthetsedwa popanga chilengedwe chatsopano motsatira "dual carbon", ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha chilengedwe chatsopano, kupereka malingaliro ndi malingaliro atsopano.