Ngā Rangahau Hou mō ngā Paewhiri Photovoltaic

I tēnei wā, e toru ngā wāhanga matua o te rangahau photovoltaic e mahi ana ngā kairangahau: te silicon tioata, ngā perovskites me ngā pūtau solar ngāwari. He tautoko ēnei wāhanga e toru tetahi ki tetahi, ā, kei a rātou te kaha ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te hangarau photovoltaic.

Ko te silicon tioata te rauemi hiko-haurua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā panera rā. Heoi, kei raro rawa atu tōna whai huatanga i te rohe ariā. Nō reira, kua tīmata ngā kairangahau ki te arotahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā PV tioata matatau. Kei te arotahi te National Renewable Energy Laboratory ki te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi honohono III-V e tika ana kia eke ki te 30% te taumata whai huatanga.

He momo pūtau rā hou ngā perovskites, ā, kua kitea tata nei tōna whai huatanga me tōna whai huatanga. E kiia ana hoki ēnei rauemi ko ngā "pūhui whakaahua-whakaahua". Kua whakamahia hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o ngā pūtau rā. E matapaetia ana ka hokohokohia i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei. Ki te whakatauritea ki te silicon, he iti te utu o ngā perovskites, ā, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga pea.

Ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā Perovskite me ngā rauemi silicon hei hanga i tētahi pūtau solar whai hua, pakari hoki. E 20 ōrau te pai ake o ngā pūtau solar tioata perovskite i te silicon. Kua whakaatuhia hoki e ngā rauemi Perovskite me Si-PV ngā taumata pai rawa atu tae atu ki te 28 ōrau. Hei tāpiri, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau he hangarau bifacial e āhei ai ngā pūtau solar ki te kohi pūngao mai i ngā taha e rua o te panera. He tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā tono arumoni, nā te mea ka penapena moni i ngā utu tāutanga.

Haunga ngā perovskites, kei te tūhuratia hoki e ngā kairangahau ngā rauemi ka taea te mahi hei kaikawe utu, hei ngongo mārama rānei. Ka taea hoki e ēnei rauemi te āwhina i te hanga i ngā pūtau rā kia iti ake te utu. Ka taea hoki e rātou te āwhina ki te hanga i ngā panera e iti ake te pakaru.

Kei te mahi ngā kairangahau i tēnei wā ki te waihanga i tētahi pūtau rā Tandem Perovskite tino whai hua. E matapaetia ana ka hokohokohia tēnei pūtau i roto i ngā tau e rua e whai ake nei. Kei te mahi tahi ngā kairangahau me te Tari Pūngao o Amerika me te National Science Foundation.

Hei tāpiritanga, kei te mahi anō hoki ngā kairangahau i ngā tikanga hou mō te kohikohi i te pūngao o te rā i te pōuri. Kei roto i ēnei tikanga ko te whakatōtō i te wai mai i te rā, e whakamahi ana i te wera mai i te panera hei pure i te wai. Kei te whakamatautauria ēnei tikanga i Te Whare Wānanga o Stanford.

Kei te rangahau hoki ngā kairangahau i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu PV wera-ira. Ka whakamahia e ēnei taputapu te wera mai i te panera hei whakaputa hiko i te pō. He tino whai hua tēnei hangarau i ngā āhuarangi makariri e iti ana te whai huatanga o te panera. Ka taea e te pāmahana o ngā pūtau te piki ake ki te neke atu i te 25 nekehanga Celsius i runga i te tuanui pouri. Ka taea hoki te whakamatao i ngā pūtau ki te wai, ka nui ake te whai huatanga.

Kua kitea anō hoki e ēnei kairangahau te whakamahinga o ngā pūtau pūngao rā ngāwari. Ka taea e ēnei panera te tu atu ki te ruku ki te wai, ā, he tino māmā hoki. Ka taea hoki e rātou te tu atu ki te takahia e te motuka. E tautokona ana ā rātou rangahau e te Eni-MIT Alliance Solar Frontiers Program. Kua taea hoki e rātou te whakawhanake i tētahi tikanga hou mō te whakamātautau i ngā pūtau PV.

Ko te rangahau hou mō ngā panera photovoltaic e arotahi ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau he pai ake te mahi, he iti ake te utu, he pakari ake hoki. Kei te whakahaerehia ēnei mahi rangahau e te whānuitanga o ngā rōpū i te Hononga o Amerika me te ao katoa. Ko ngā hangarau tino whai hua ko ngā pūtau rā angiangi o te reanga tuarua me ngā pūtau rā ngāwari.