Kedu uru batrị nchekwa ike dị?

Teknụzụ ụzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike nke China - nchekwa nchekwa ike electrochemical: Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ndị na-ahụkarị cathode nke batrị lithium gụnyere gụnyere lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) na ihe ternary. Lithium cobaltate bụ ngwa ahịa cathode izizi nwere nnukwu voltaji, njupụta dị elu, usoro kwụsiri ike na nchekwa dị mma, mana ọnụ ahịa dị elu yana ikike dị ala. Lithium manganate nwere ọnụ ala dị ala na nnukwu voltaji, mana arụmọrụ okirikiri ya adịghị mma yana ikike ya dịkwa ala. Ikike na ọnụ ahịa ihe ternary dị iche iche dabere na ọdịnaya nke nickel, cobalt na manganese (na mgbakwunye na NCA). Njupụta ike zuru oke dị elu karịa nke lithium iron phosphate na lithium cobaltate. Lithium iron phosphate nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, arụmọrụ ịgba ígwè dị mma yana nchekwa dị mma, mana ikpo okwu voltaji ya dị ala na njupụta ya dị ala, na-eme ka njupụta ike dị ala. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mpaghara ọkụ na-achị ternary na lithium iron, ebe mpaghara oriri bụ karịa lithium cobalt. Enwere ike kewaa ihe electrode na-adịghị mma n'ime ihe carbon na ihe ndị na-abụghị carbon: ihe carbon gụnyere graphite artificial, graphite eke, mesophase carbon microspheres, carbon soft, hard carbon, wdg; Ihe ndị na-abụghị carbon na-agụnye lithium titanate, ihe ndị dabeere na silicon, ihe ndị dabeere na tin, wdg. Eke graphite na graphite artificial bụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a. Ọ bụ ezie na graphite eke nwere uru na ọnụ ahịa na ikike kpọmkwem, ndụ okirikiri ya dị ala na nkwụsi ike ya adịghị mma; Otú ọ dị, njirimara nke graphite wuru na-edozi ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị mma yana ezigbo ndakọrịta na electrolyte. A na-ejikarị graphite arụrụ arụ ọrụ maka batrị ike ụgbọ ala buru ibu yana batrị lithium ndị ahịa dị elu, ebe a na-ejikarị graphite eke eme ihe maka obere batrị lithium na batrị lithium ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ozuzu. Ihe ndị dabeere na silicon na ihe ndị na-abụghị carbon ka na-aga n'ihu na nyocha na mmepe na-aga n'ihu. Enwere ike kewaa ndị na-ekesa batrị lithium n'ime ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị na-emepụta mmiri dị ka usoro mmepụta, na mkpuchi mkpuchi mmiri na mmiri nkewa ga-abụ isi ihe na-emekarị. Usoro mmiri na usoro akọrọ nwere uru na ọghọm nke ha. Usoro mmiri ahụ nwere obere pore nha na ihe nkiri dị nro, mana ntinye ego buru ibu, usoro ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ukwuu. Usoro akọrọ dị mfe dị mfe, gbakwunyere uru dị elu na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma pore size na porosity siri ike ịchịkwa na ngwaahịa na-esiri ike.

The teknuzu ụzọ nke China ike nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ – electrochemical ike nchekwa: lead acid batrị lead acid batrị (VRLA) bụ batrị nke electrode bụ tumadi mere nke lead na ya oxide, na electrolyte bụ sulfuric acid ngwọta. N'ọnọdụ nke batrị lead-acid, ihe bụ isi nke electrode dị mma bụ lead dioxide, na ihe bụ isi nke electrode na-adịghị mma bụ ndu; Na steeti mwepụ, isi ihe dị na electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma bụ sulfate lead. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke batrị lead-acid bụ na batrị lead-acid bụ ụdị batrị nwere carbon dioxide na spongy metal lead dị ka ihe dị mma na adịghị mma na-arụ ọrụ n'otu n'otu, yana ngwọta sulfuric acid dị ka electrolyte. The uru nke lead-acid batrị bụ dịtụ tozuru okè ulo oru yinye, mma ojiji, mfe mmezi, ala na-eri, ogologo ọrụ ndụ, mụ mma, wdg The mwepu bụ ngwa ngwa odori ọsọ, ala ike njupụta, obere okirikiri ndụ, mfe ime ka mmetọ, wdg Lead-acid batrị na-eji dị ka njikere ọkọnọ na telekomunikashions, anyanwụ ike nkwurịta okwu usoro, electronic usoro ndabere, CR usoro, ndabere usoro, CR usoro, CR usoro nkwado ndabere na mpaghara. wdg), akụrụngwa mberede, wdg, na dị ka isi ihe na-enye ike na ngwa nzikọrịta ozi, locomotives na-ahụ maka eletriki (ụgbọ ala nnweta, ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala akpaaka, ụgbọ ala eletrik), ndị na-amalite ngwa ngwa (ụkwụ na-enweghị eriri, ndị na-anya ọkụ eletrik, sleges eletriki), akụrụngwa / akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ, igwefoto, wdg.

The teknuzu ụzọ nke China si ike nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ – electrochemical ike nchekwa: mmiri mmiri eruba batrị na sodium sulfur batrị mmiri mmiri eruba batrị bụ ụdị batrị nwere ike na-echekwa ọkụ eletrik na igbapu ọkụ eletrik site electrochemical mmeghachi omume nke soluble electric ụzọ na inert electrode. Ihe owuwu nke monomer batrị na-ahụkarị mmiri mmiri na-agụnye: electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma; Ụlọ electrode nke diaphragm na electrode gbara ya gburugburu; Electrolyte tank, mgbapụta na pipeline usoro. Batrị na-asọba mmiri bụ ngwaọrụ nchekwa ike electrochemical nke nwere ike ịghọta ntughari nke ike eletrik na ike kemịkalụ site na mmeghachi omume oxidation-mbelata nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmiri, si otú a na-achọpụta nchekwa na ntọhapụ nke ike eletrik. Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị kewara ekewa yana sistemu nke batrị eruba mmiri. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere naanị sistemụ batrị mmiri mmiri anọ nke a na-amụ n'ezie na omimi n'ụwa, gụnyere batrị na-agbapụta vanadium niile, batrị mmiri mmiri zinc-bromine, batrị iron-chromium mmiri mmiri na-asọba na sodium polysulfide/bromine mmiri na-asọba batrị. Ihe mejupụtara batrị sodium-sulfur bụ electrode dị mma, electrode ọjọọ, electrolyte, diaphragm na shei, nke dị iche na batrị nke abụọ (batrị-acid, batrị nickel-cadmium, wdg). Batrị sodium-sulfur bụ nke eletrọd a wụrụ awụ na electrolyte siri ike mejupụtara. Ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke electrode na-adịghị mma bụ sodium metal a wụrụ awụ, ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke electrode dị mma bụ sọlfọ mmiri mmiri na nnu sodium polysulfide gbazere. Ihe mejupụtara batrị sodium-sulfur bụ sọlfọ mmiri, cathode bụ sodium mmiri mmiri, na beta-aluminom tube nke seramiiki na-ekewa n'etiti. A ga-edobe okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke batrị n'elu 300 Celsius C iji dobe electrode na ọnọdụ mgbaze. Ụzọ teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike nke China – mmanụ ụgbọala: hydrogen energy nchekwa cell hydrogen mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ngwaọrụ na-agbanwe ozugbo ike kemịkalụ nke hydrogen ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi bụ na hydrogen na-abanye n'ime anode nke mmanụ ọkụ, na-agbaze n'ime protons gas na electrons n'okpuru ọrụ nke onye na-emepụta ihe, na protons hydrogen na-agafe na proton mgbanwe akpụkpọ ahụ iji ruo cathode nke mmanụ ụgbọala ma jikọta ya na oxygen iji mepụta mmiri, The electrons rutere cathode nke mmanụ ọkụ site na mpụga sekit iji mepụta ugbu a. N'ụzọ bụ isi, ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nrụpụta ike nrụpụta electrochemical. Ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike zuru ụwa ọnụ - ikike arụnyere ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ike ejirila okpukpu abụọ - ahịa ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa ike zuru ụwa ọnụ - batrị lithium-ion ka bụ isi ihe nchekwa nchekwa ike - batrị lithium-ion nwere uru nke njupụta ume dị elu, arụmọrụ ntụgharị dị elu, nzaghachi ngwa ngwa, na ihe ndị ọzọ, na ugbu a bụ akụkụ kachasị elu nke ikike arụnyere ma e wezụga maka mgbapụta ike. Dị ka akwụkwọ ọcha na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ batrị lithium-ion nke China (2022) nke EVTank na Ivy Institute of Economics wepụtara. Dị ka data nke akwụkwọ ọcha si kwuo, na 2021, mbupu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke batrị lithium ion ga-abụ 562.4GWh, mmụba dị ịrịba ama nke 91% kwa afọ, na òkè ya na nrụnye nchekwa ike ọhụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-agafekwa 90%. Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị nchekwa ike ndị ọzọ dị ka batrị vanadium-flow batrị, batrị sodium-ion na ikuku abịakọrọ amalitewokwa na-enwetakwu nlebara anya n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, batrị lithium-ion ka nwere nnukwu uru na arụmọrụ, ọnụ ahịa na mmepụta ihe. N'ime obere oge na nke ọkara, batrị lithium-ion ga-abụ isi ụdị nchekwa nchekwa ike n'ụwa, na oke ya na nrụnye nchekwa ike ọhụrụ ga-anọgide na ọkwa dị elu.

Longrun-ike na-elekwasị anya na ubi nke ike nchekwa na integrates ike ọkọnọ yinye ọrụ isi iji nye ike nchekwa ngwọta maka ezinụlọ na ulo oru na azụmahịa ndapụta, gụnyere imewe, mgbakọ ọzụzụ, ahịa ngwọta, na-eri akara, management, ọrụ na mmezi, wdg Na ọtụtụ afọ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na maara nke ọma batrị emepụta na inverter emepụta, anyị nwere chịkọtara technology na mmepe ahụmahụ na-ewu ihe integrated ọkọnọ ọrụ base.