Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub roj teeb cia hluav taws xob yog dab tsi?

Txoj Kev Txuj Ci ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam cia khoom siv hluav taws xob - kev cia khoom siv hluav taws xob electrochemical: Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv cathode feem ntau ntawm cov roj teeb lithium feem ntau suav nrog lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium hlau phosphate (LFP) thiab cov ntaub ntawv ternary. Lithium cobaltate yog thawj cov khoom siv cathode lag luam nrog voltage siab, qhov ceev ntawm lub kais, cov qauv ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo, tab sis tus nqi siab thiab muaj peev xwm tsawg. Lithium manganate muaj tus nqi qis thiab voltage siab, tab sis nws qhov kev ua haujlwm voj voog tsis zoo thiab nws lub peev xwm kuj qis. Lub peev xwm thiab tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ternary sib txawv raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm nickel, cobalt thiab manganese (ntxiv rau NCA). Lub zog tag nrho yog siab dua li ntawm lithium hlau phosphate thiab lithium cobaltate. Lithium hlau phosphate muaj tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm voj voog zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo, tab sis nws lub platform voltage qis thiab nws qhov kev sib sau ua ke qis, ua rau lub zog tag nrho qis. Tam sim no, lub zog hluav taws xob yog dominated los ntawm ternary thiab lithium hlau, thaum lub sector noj yog ntau lithium cobalt. Cov ntaub ntawv electrode tsis zoo muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv carbon thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog carbon: cov ntaub ntawv carbon suav nrog graphite dag, graphite ntuj, mesophase carbon microspheres, carbon mos, carbon tawv, thiab lwm yam; cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog carbon suav nrog lithium titanate, cov ntaub ntawv silicon, cov ntaub ntawv tin, thiab lwm yam. graphite ntuj thiab graphite dag yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws tam sim no. Txawm hais tias graphite ntuj muaj qhov zoo hauv tus nqi thiab lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb, nws lub neej voj voog qis thiab nws qhov sib xws tsis zoo; Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom ntawm graphite dag yog qhov sib npaug, nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog electrolyte. graphite dag feem ntau yog siv rau cov roj teeb fais fab tsheb loj thiab cov roj teeb lithium rau cov neeg siv khoom siab, thaum graphite ntuj feem ntau yog siv rau cov roj teeb lithium me me thiab cov roj teeb lithium rau cov neeg siv khoom dav dav. Cov ntaub ntawv silicon hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog carbon tseem nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho tas mus li. Cov roj teeb lithium cais tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov cais qhuav thiab cov cais ntub raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, thiab cov txheej txheem ntub hauv cov cais ntub yuav yog qhov sib txawv loj. Cov txheej txheem ntub thiab cov txheej txheem qhuav muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem ntub dej muaj qhov me me thiab sib xws thiab zaj duab xis nyias dua, tab sis kev nqis peev loj, cov txheej txheem nyuaj, thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig loj heev. Cov txheej txheem qhuav yog qhov yooj yim, muaj nqis ntxiv thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig, tab sis qhov loj me thiab porosity nyuaj rau tswj thiab cov khoom nyuaj rau nyias.

Txoj kev siv tshuab ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam khaws cia lub zog - electrochemical zog khaws cia: roj teeb ua kua qaub lead acid roj teeb ua kua qaub lead acid (VRLA) yog lub roj teeb uas nws cov electrode feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau lead thiab nws cov oxide, thiab cov electrolyte yog sulfuric acid kua. Hauv lub xeev them ntawm cov roj teeb ua kua qaub lead-acid, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov electrode zoo yog cov hlau lead dioxide, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov electrode tsis zoo yog cov hlau lead; Hauv lub xeev tso tawm, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov electrodes zoo thiab tsis zoo yog cov hlau lead sulfate. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj teeb ua kua qaub lead-acid yog tias cov roj teeb ua kua qaub lead-acid yog ib hom roj teeb nrog cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab cov hlau ua kua qaub ua cov tshuaj zoo thiab tsis zoo, thiab cov kua qaub sulfuric acid ua electrolyte. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov roj teeb lead-acid yog cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam uas laus zuj zus, siv tau zoo, yooj yim txij nkawm, pheej yig, siv tau ntev, zoo ruaj khov, thiab lwm yam. Cov tsis zoo yog kev them qeeb qeeb, lub zog tsawg, lub neej luv luv, yooj yim ua rau muaj kuab paug, thiab lwm yam. Cov roj teeb lead-acid siv ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev sib txuas lus, lub zog hnub ci, cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me (UPS, ECR, cov khoom siv thaub qab computer, thiab lwm yam), cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, thiab lwm yam, thiab ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv sib txuas lus, cov tsheb tswj hluav taws xob (cov tsheb tau txais, cov tsheb thauj khoom tsis siv neeg, cov tsheb hluav taws xob), cov cuab yeej pib siv tshuab (cov laum tsis muaj hlua, cov tsav hluav taws xob, cov sledges hluav taws xob), cov khoom siv / cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev lag luam, cov koob yees duab, thiab lwm yam.

Txoj kev siv tshuab ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam khaws cia hluav taws xob - kev khaws cia hluav taws xob electrochemical: roj teeb ntws kua thiab roj teeb sodium sulfur kua yog ib hom roj teeb uas tuaj yeem khaws hluav taws xob thiab tso tawm hluav taws xob los ntawm kev sib xyaw electrochemical ntawm cov khub hluav taws xob soluble ntawm lub inert electrode. Cov qauv ntawm cov roj teeb ntws kua monomer ib txwm muaj xws li: cov electrodes zoo thiab tsis zoo; Lub chamber electrode puag ncig los ntawm diaphragm thiab electrode; Electrolyte tank, twj tso kua mis thiab pipeline system. Roj teeb ntws kua yog lub cuab yeej khaws cia hluav taws xob electrochemical uas tuaj yeem paub txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tshuaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw oxidation-txo cov tshuaj ua haujlwm kua, yog li paub txog kev khaws cia thiab tso tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Muaj ntau hom kev faib ua pawg thiab cov kab ke tshwj xeeb ntawm roj teeb ntws kua. Tam sim no, tsuas muaj plaub hom roj teeb ntws kua uas tau kawm tob hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog roj teeb ntws kua vanadium, roj teeb ntws kua zinc-bromine, roj teeb ntws kua hlau-chromium thiab roj teeb ntws kua sodium polysulfide / bromine. Lub roj teeb sodium-sulfur muaj cov electrode zoo, cov electrode tsis zoo, electrolyte, diaphragm thiab plhaub, uas txawv ntawm lub roj teeb theem nrab (roj teeb lead-acid, roj teeb nickel-cadmium, thiab lwm yam). Lub roj teeb sodium-sulfur muaj cov electrode molten thiab cov electrolyte khov. Cov khoom siv nquag ntawm cov electrode tsis zoo yog cov hlau sodium molten, thiab cov khoom siv nquag ntawm cov electrode zoo yog cov kua sulfur thiab cov ntsev sodium polysulfide molten. Lub anode ntawm lub roj teeb sodium-sulfur yog cov kua sulfur, lub cathode yog cov kua sodium, thiab lub raj beta-aluminium ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic raug sib cais hauv nruab nrab. Qhov kub ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb yuav tsum tswj hwm siab dua 300 ° C kom khaws cov electrode hauv lub xeev molten. Txoj kev siv tshuab ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam khaws cia hluav taws xob - roj cell: hydrogen lub zog khaws cia cell hydrogen roj cell yog lub cuab yeej uas hloov pauv lub zog tshuaj lom neeg ntawm hydrogen mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias hydrogen nkag mus rau hauv anode ntawm lub roj cell, decomposes rau hauv roj protons thiab electrons nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm catalyst, thiab cov hydrogen protons tsim dhau los ntawm proton pauv membrane mus txog cathode ntawm lub roj cell thiab ua ke nrog oxygen los tsim dej, Cov electrons mus txog cathode ntawm lub roj cell los ntawm lub voj voog sab nraud los tsim ib qho tam sim no. Yeej, nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob electrochemical reaction fais fab tsim. Qhov loj me ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam cia zog - lub peev xwm tshiab ntawm kev lag luam cia zog tau ob npaug - qhov loj me ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam cia zog - lithium-ion roj teeb tseem yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev cia zog - lithium-ion roj teeb muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog ceev, kev hloov pauv siab, kev teb sai, thiab lwm yam, thiab tam sim no yog qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm cov peev xwm ntsia tshwj tsis yog rau pumped cia. Raws li daim ntawv dawb ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam lithium-ion roj teeb (2022) ua ke tso tawm los ntawm EVTank thiab Ivy Institute of Economics. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv dawb, xyoo 2021, tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov roj teeb lithium ion yuav yog 562.4GWh, nce ntxiv ntawm 91% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thiab nws feem hauv kev teeb tsa lub zog tshiab thoob ntiaj teb kuj tseem yuav tshaj 90%. Txawm hais tias lwm hom kev khaws cia lub zog xws li roj teeb vanadium-flow, roj teeb sodium-ion thiab cua compressed kuj tau pib tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua thiab ntau dua hauv xyoo tas los no, roj teeb lithium-ion tseem muaj qhov zoo heev hauv kev ua tau zoo, tus nqi thiab kev lag luam. Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab nruab nrab, roj teeb lithium-ion yuav yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws cia lub zog hauv ntiaj teb, thiab nws qhov feem pua ​​hauv kev teeb tsa lub zog tshiab yuav nyob ntawm qib siab.

Longrun-energy tsom mus rau thaj chaw khaws cia hluav taws xob thiab koom ua ke cov kev pabcuam xa khoom siv hluav taws xob los muab cov kev daws teeb meem khaws cia hluav taws xob rau cov xwm txheej hauv tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, suav nrog kev tsim qauv, kev cob qhia sib dhos, kev daws teeb meem kev lag luam, kev tswj hwm tus nqi, kev tswj hwm, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam. Nrog ntau xyoo ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov chaw tsim roj teeb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom inverter paub zoo, peb tau sau cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho kev paub los tsim kom muaj kev pabcuam xa khoom sib koom ua ke.