He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ka pila mālama ikehu?

ʻO ke ala loea o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu o Kina - ka mālama ikehu electrochemical: I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea cathode maʻamau o nā pila lithium e komo pū me ka lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP) a me nā mea ternary. ʻO Lithium cobaltate ka mea cathode kūʻai mua me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka voltage, ka nui o ka tap density, ke kūkulu paʻa a me ka palekana maikaʻi, akā kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai a me ka mana haʻahaʻa. He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka Lithium manganate a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka voltage, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kāna hana pōʻaiapuni a haʻahaʻa hoʻi kona hiki. ʻOkoʻa ka hiki a me ke kumukūʻai o nā mea ternary e like me ka ʻike o ka nickel, cobalt a me ka manganese (me ka NCA). ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka ikehu ma mua o ka lithium iron phosphate a me ka lithium cobaltate. He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka Lithium iron phosphate, hana pōʻaiapuni maikaʻi a me ka palekana maikaʻi, akā haʻahaʻa kona kahua voltage a haʻahaʻa kona nui compaction, e hopena ana i ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka ikehu. I kēia manawa, ua noho aliʻi ʻia ka ʻāpana mana e ka ternary a me ka lithium iron, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lithium cobalt o ka ʻāpana hoʻohana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole i nā mea kalapona a me nā mea ʻole kalapona: ʻo nā mea kalapona e komo pū ana me ka graphite artificial, graphite kūlohelohe, microspheres kalapona mesophase, kalapona palupalu, kalapona paʻakikī, a pēlā aku; ʻO nā mea ʻole kalapona e komo pū ana me ka lithium titanate, nā mea silicon-based, nā mea tin-based, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka graphite kūlohelohe a me ka graphite artificial ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa. ʻOiai he mau pono ko ka graphite kūlohelohe i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hiki ke kikoʻī, he haʻahaʻa kona ola pōʻaiapuni a he haʻahaʻa kona kūlike; Eia nō naʻe, ua kaulike nā waiwai o ka graphite artificial, me ka hana kaʻapuni maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me ka electrolyte. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka graphite artificial no nā pila mana kaʻa nui a me nā pila lithium mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka graphite kūlohelohe e hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā pila lithium liʻiliʻi a me nā pila lithium mea kūʻai maʻamau. Ke hana mau nei nā mea silicon-based i nā mea ʻole kalapona i ke kaʻina hana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻokaʻawale pila Lithium i nā mea hoʻokaʻawale maloʻo a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale pulu e like me ke kaʻina hana, a ʻo ka uhi membrane pulu i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale pulu ka mea nui. Loaʻa i ke kaʻina hana pulu a me ke kaʻina hana maloʻo ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema. He liʻiliʻi a like ka nui o nā pore o ke kaʻina hana pulu a lahilahi hoʻi ka ʻili, akā nui ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, a nui ka haumia o ke kaiapuni. He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana maloʻo, waiwai nui i hoʻohui ʻia a aloha i ke kaiapuni, akā paʻakikī ke kāohi i ka nui o nā pore a me ka porosity a paʻakikī ke lahilahi o ka huahana.

ʻO ke ala loea o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu o Kina - ka mālama ikehu electrochemical: ʻo ka pākahiko waikawa alakaʻi ka pākahiko waikawa alakaʻi (VRLA) kahi pākahiko nona ka electrode i hana nui ʻia me ke kēpau a me kona oxide, a ʻo ka electrolyte he hopena waikawa sulfuric. I ke kūlana o ka uku o ka pākahiko waikawa alakaʻi, ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻo ke kēpau dioxide, a ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole he kēpau; I ke kūlana hoʻokuʻu, ʻo nā ʻāpana nui o nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole he kēpau sulfate. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo hana o ka pākahiko waikawa alakaʻi, ʻo ia ka pākahiko waikawa alakaʻi he ʻano pākahiko me ke kalapona dioxide a me ke kēpau metala spongy e like me nā mea hana maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka hopena waikawa sulfuric e like me ka electrolyte. ʻO nā pono o ka pākahiko kēpau-ʻakika he kaulahao ʻoihana paʻa, hoʻohana palekana, mālama maʻalahi, kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, ola lawelawe lōʻihi, maikaʻi paʻa, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā hemahema he wikiwiki hoʻouka lohi, haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka ikehu, pōkole ke ola pōʻaiapuni, maʻalahi ke hana i ka haumia, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pākahiko kēpau-ʻakika ma ke ʻano he lako mana kū i nā kamaʻilio, nā ʻōnaehana ikehu lā, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻololi uila, nā lako kamaʻilio, nā lako mana kope liʻiliʻi (UPS, ECR, nā ʻōnaehana kope kamepiula, a pēlā aku), nā lako pilikia, a pēlā aku, a ma ke ʻano he lako mana nui i nā lako kamaʻilio, nā locomotive hoʻokele uila (nā kaʻa loaʻa, nā kaʻa lawe kaʻa aunoa, nā kaʻa uila), nā mea hoʻomaka mea hana mechanical (nā wili uwea ʻole, nā mea hoʻokele uila, nā sled uila), nā lako/mea hana ʻoihana, nā kāmela, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ke ala loea o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu o Kina - mālama ikehu electrochemical: ʻo ka pila kahe wai a me ka pila sodium sulfur ka pila kahe wai he ʻano pila e hiki ke mālama i ka uila a hoʻokuʻu i ka uila ma o ka hopena electrochemical o ka hui uila hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka electrode inert. ʻO ke ʻano o kahi monomer pila kahe wai maʻamau e pili ana i: nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole; He keʻena electrode i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi diaphragm a me kahi electrode; ʻO ka pahu electrolyte, ka pamu a me ka ʻōnaehana pipeline. ʻO ka pila kahe wai kahi mea mālama ikehu electrochemical e hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻololi like ʻana o ka ikehu uila a me ka ikehu kemika ma o ka hopena oxidation-reduction o nā mea hana wai, no laila e hoʻokō ana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ikehu uila. Nui nā ʻano i māhele ʻia a me nā ʻōnaehana kikoʻī o ka pila kahe wai. I kēia manawa, ʻehā wale nō ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana pila kahe wai i aʻo hohonu ʻia ma ka honua, me ka pila kahe wai all-vanadium, ka pila kahe wai zinc-bromine, ka pila kahe wai hao-chromium a me ka pila kahe wai sodium polysulfide/bromine. ʻO ka pākahiko sodium-sulfur i haku ʻia me ka electrode maikaʻi, ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ka electrolyte, ka diaphragm a me ka pūpū, kahi ʻokoʻa mai ka pākahiko lua maʻamau (pākaukau lead-acid, pākahiko nickel-cadmium, a pēlā aku). ʻO ka pākahiko sodium-sulfur i haku ʻia me ka electrolyte hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka electrolyte paʻa. ʻO ka mea hana o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole he sodium metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ʻo ka mea hana o ka electrode maikaʻi he sulfur wai a me ka paʻakai sodium polysulfide hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻO ka anode o ka pākahiko sodium-sulfur i haku ʻia me ka sulfur wai, ʻo ka cathode i haku ʻia me ka sodium wai, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paipu beta-alumini o ka mea seramika ma waena. Pono e mālama ʻia ka mahana hana o ka pākahiko ma luna o 300 ° C e mālama i ka electrode i kahi mokuʻāina hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. ʻO ke ala loea o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu o Kina - cell wahie: cell mālama ikehu hydrogen ʻo ka cell wahie hydrogen kahi mea hana e hoʻololi pololei i ka ikehu kemika o ka hydrogen i ikehu uila. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ke komo ʻana o ka hydrogen i loko o ka anode o ke kelepona wahie, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā protons kinoea a me nā electrons ma lalo o ka hana a ka catalyst, a ʻo nā protons hydrogen i hana ʻia e hele ma waena o ka membrane hoʻololi proton e hiki ai i ka cathode o ke kelepona wahie a hui pū me ka oxygen e hana i ka wai, Hiki nā electrons i ka cathode o ke kelepona wahie ma o kahi kaapuni waho e hana i kahi au. ʻO ke kumu, he mea hana mana electrochemical reaction ia. ʻO ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu honua - ua pāpālua ka mana hou i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu - ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu honua - ʻo nā pila lithium-ion ke ʻano nui o ka mālama ikehu - loaʻa i nā pila lithium-ion nā pono o ka nui o ka ikehu, ka pono hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe, ka pane wikiwiki, a pēlā aku, a ʻo ia ka hapa kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia koe wale nō ka mālama pumped. Wahi a ka pepa keʻokeʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana pila lithium-ion o Kina (2022) i hoʻokuʻu pū ʻia e EVTank lāua ʻo Ivy Institute of Economics. Wahi a ka ʻikepili o ka pepa keʻokeʻo, i ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka huina o nā ukana honua o nā pila lithium ion he 562.4GWh, he piʻi nui o 91% i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo kona mahele i nā kikowaena mālama ikehu hou o ka honua e ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o 90%. ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka pū nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka mālama ikehu e like me ka pila vanadium-flow, ka pila sodium-ion a me ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e loaʻa ka nānā nui ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, he mau pono nui ko ka pila lithium-ion ma ke ʻano o ka hana, ke kumukūʻai a me ka ʻoihana. I ka wā pōkole a me ka waena, ʻo ka pila lithium-ion ke ʻano nui o ka mālama ikehu ma ka honua, a ʻo kona mahele i nā kikowaena mālama ikehu hou e mau ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.

Ke nānā nei ʻo Longrun-energy i ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a hoʻohui i ke kahua lawelawe kaulahao lako ikehu e hāʻawi i nā hopena mālama ikehu no nā hiʻohiʻona home a me nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana kalepa, me ka hoʻolālā, ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻākoakoa, nā hopena mākeke, ka kaohi kumukūʻai, ka hoʻokele, ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana, a pēlā aku. Me nā makahiki he nui o ka laulima ʻana me nā mea hana pila kaulana a me nā mea hana inverter, ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i ka ʻike ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana e kūkulu i kahi kahua lawelawe kaulahao lako i hoʻohui ʻia.