ʻO ka mākeke mālama optical o Kina i ka makahiki 2023

Ma Pepeluali 13, ua mālama ka National Energy Administration i kahi hālāwai kūkā nūhou maʻamau ma Beijing. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Wang Dapeng, Hope Luna Hoʻokele o ka 'Oihana o ka Ikehu Hou a me ka Hoʻoulu Hou o ka National Energy Administration, i ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka mana hou i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka makani a me ka photovoltaic mana hana ma ka ʻāina e ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 miliona kilowatts, e hōʻea ana i 125 miliona kilowatts, e uhaʻi ana i 100 miliona kilowatts no ʻekolu mau makahiki i ka lālani, a e paʻi ana i kahi moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe hou.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Yafang, ka hope luna hoʻokele o ka 'Oihana Mālama Ikehu a me nā Lako ʻEpekema a me nā ʻenehana o ka National Energy Administration, i ka hopena o 2022, ua hiki aku ka nui o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o nā papahana mālama ikehu hou e hana nei ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa i 8.7 miliona kilowatts, me ka awelika o ka manawa mālama ikehu ma kahi o 2.1 mau hola, he piʻi aʻe ma mua o 110% ma luna o ka hopena o 2021.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ka pahuhopu kalapona pālua, ua wikiwiki ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ikehu hou e like me ka makani a me ka hana ʻana o ka mana o ka lā, ʻoiai ʻo ka loli a me ka randomness o ka ikehu hou ua lilo i mea paʻakikī i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lako paʻa o ka uila. Ua lilo mālie ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou i mea nui, nona nā hana o ke kāohi ʻana i ka loli o ka mana hoʻopuka ikehu hou, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hou, hoʻemi i ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā hana mana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hana o ka pūnaewele mana, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka congestion o ka hoʻoili ʻana.

Ma ʻApelila 21, 2021, ua hoʻopuka ke Komisina Hoʻomohala a me ka Hoʻoponopono Lahui a me ka ʻOihana Ikehu Lahui i nā Manaʻo Alakaʻi no ka Hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Waihona Ikehu Hou a ua noi i nā manaʻo mai ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻākāka maopopo ʻia e hiki aku ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka waihona ikehu hou ma mua o 30 miliona kilowatts ma ka makahiki 2025. Wahi a nā helu helu, ma ka hopena o 2020, ua hoʻokō ʻo Kina i ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka waihona ikehu electrochemical he 3269.2 megawatts, a i ʻole 3.3 miliona kilowatts, e like me ka pahuhopu hoʻonohonoho i hāpai ʻia ma ka palapala, Ma ka makahiki 2025, e piʻi aʻe ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka waihona ikehu electrochemical ma Kina ma kahi o 10 mau manawa.

I kēia lā, me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu PV+, me ke kulekele a me ke kākoʻo mākeke, pehea ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka mākeke mālama ikehu? Pehea e pili ana i ka hana o ke kahua mana mālama ikehu i hoʻokomo ʻia? Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokani i kāna kuleana a me kona waiwai kūpono?

A hiki i ka 30% o ka waihona!

Mai ke koho a i ke koi ʻia, ua hoʻopuka ʻia ke kauoha hoʻokaʻawale mālama koʻikoʻi loa

Wahi a nā helu helu o ka International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), a hiki i kēia manawa, ua hoʻopuka ʻia he 25 mau ʻāina i nā kulekele e wehewehe i nā koi kikoʻī no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana o ka photovoltaic. Ma keʻano laulā, koi ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina i ka nui o ka hoʻolaha a me ka mālama ʻana o nā kikowaena mana photovoltaic ma waena o 5% a me 30% o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻo ka manawa hoʻonohonoho he 2-4 mau hola, a he 1 hola kekahi mau ʻāina.

I waena o lākou, ua noʻonoʻo pono ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Zaozhuang o ka moku ʻo Shandong i ka unahi hoʻomohala, nā ʻano ukana, ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka photovoltaic a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ua hoʻonohonoho i nā hale mālama ikehu e like me ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o 15% - 30% (i hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ke kahua hoʻomohala) a me ka lōʻihi o 2-4 mau hola, a i ʻole hoʻolimalima i nā hale mālama ikehu i kaʻana like ʻia me ka hiki like, ka mea i lilo i palena o nā koi hoʻolaha a me ka mālama photovoltaic o kēia manawa. Eia kekahi, koi ʻo Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i ka lakio hoʻolaha a me ka mālama e hiki i ka 20%.

He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua hoʻopuka ʻo Guizhou i kahi palapala e wehewehe ai e pono i nā papahana ikehu hou ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hana ʻelua hola ma ke kūkulu ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻai ʻana i ka mālama ikehu ma ka wikiwiki ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 10% o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka ikehu hou (hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka lakio linkage me ka dynamically e like me ke kūlana maoli) e hoʻokō i ke koi ʻoki kiʻekiʻe; No nā papahana ikehu hou me ka ʻole o ka mālama ikehu, ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pilina grid no kekahi manawa, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kauoha hoʻokaʻawale a me ka mālama paʻa loa.

Nā lako mālama ikehu:

He paʻakikī ke loaʻa kālā a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hoihoi o nā ʻoihana

Wahi a nā helu helu o ka International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), i ka makahiki 2022, ua kau inoa/hoʻolālā ʻia he 83 mau papahana mālama ikehu makani a me ka lā ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, me kahi papahana maopopo o 191.553GW a me kahi nui hoʻopukapuka kālā maopopo o 663.346 biliona yuan.

Ma waena o nā nui o ka papahana i ho'ākāka ʻia, ʻo Inner Mongolia ke kūlana mua me 53.436GW, ʻo Gansu ke kūlana lua me 47.307GW, a ʻo Heilongjiang ke kūlana ʻekolu me 15.83GW. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka papahana o nā panalāʻau ʻo Guizhou, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Shandong, a me Anhui ma mua o 1GW.

ʻOiai ua ulu nui nā kikowaena mana hoʻokaʻawale ikehu hou a me ka mālama ikehu, ua hāʻule nā ​​​​kikowaena mana mālama ikehu i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi kūlana hopohopo. He nui nā papahana mālama ikehu kākoʻo e noho ana i ka pae hana ʻole a lilo mālie i kūlana hilahila.

Wahi a ka "Research Report on the Operation of New Energy Distribution and Storage" i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka China Electricity Union, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā papahana mālama ikehu ma waena o 1500-3000 yuan/kWh. Ma muli o nā kūlana palena like ʻole, nui ka ʻokoʻa kumukūʻai ma waena o nā papahana. Mai ke kūlana maoli, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka loaʻa kālā o ka hapa nui o nā papahana mālama ikehu.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mai nā palena o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ma ke ʻano o ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia nā kūlana komo no nā kikowaena mana mālama ikehu e komo i ka mākeke kālepa wahi uila, a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā lula kālepa. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻano kumukūʻai kūʻokoʻa no nā kikowaena mana mālama ikehu ma ka ʻaoʻao grid, a ʻaʻohe o ka ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa i kahi loina ʻoihana piha e alakaʻi i ke kapikala kaiāulu i loko o ka papahana mālama ikehu. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ikehu hou a haʻahaʻa ka pono, ʻAʻohe kahawai no ke kahawai ʻana. Wahi a nā hōʻike media pili, i kēia manawa, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou e hāpai ʻia e nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala ikehu hou, ʻaʻole i hoʻouna ʻia i ka downstream. Ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o nā pila lithium ion, kahi i lawe mai ai i ke kaomi hana nui i nā ʻoihana ikehu hou a hoʻopilikia i nā hoʻoholo hoʻopukapuka kālā o nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala ikehu hou. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, me ke kumukūʻai o ka mea silicon ma luna o ke kaulahao ʻoihana photovoltaic e piʻi nei, loli nui ke kumukūʻai. No nā ʻoihana ikehu hou me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i koi ʻia, ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohui nā mea pālua i ke kaumaha o nā ʻoihana hana mana ikehu hou, no laila ʻo ka hoihoi o nā ʻoihana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou he haʻahaʻa loa ia.

Nā palena nui:

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pilikia o ka palekana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, a he paʻakikī ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kahua mana.

I nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua ulu nui nā ʻano mālama ikehu hou a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻoiai ua lilo ka palekana o ka mālama ikehu i mea koʻikoʻi. Wahi a nā helu helu piha ʻole, mai ka makahiki 2018, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau hanana o ka pahū ʻana o ka pila mālama ikehu a me ke ahi i hana ʻia a puni ka honua, ʻoiai ka pahū ʻana o ke kahua mana mālama ikehu ʻo Beijing ma ʻApelila 16, 2021, ka mea i make ai ʻelua mau mea kinai ahi, ka ʻeha o kekahi mea kinai ahi, a me ka nalowale ʻana o ka pilina o kekahi limahana ma ke kahua mana. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā huahana pila mālama ikehu o kēia manawa i nā pilikia e like me ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi ʻole, ka alakaʻi nāwaliwali o nā kūlana a me nā kikoʻī pili, ka hoʻokō pono ʻole ʻana o nā hana hoʻokele palekana, a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo palekana a me ka mīkini pilikia kūpono ʻole.

Eia kekahi, ma lalo o ke kaomi o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ua koho kekahi mau mea kūkulu papahana mālama ikehu i nā huahana mālama ikehu me ka hana maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka haʻahaʻa, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pōʻino palekana. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka pilikia palekana ke kumu nui e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hoʻomohala olakino a paʻa o ka pae mālama ikehu hou, pono e hoʻoponopono koke ʻia.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana o ke kahua mana, e like me ka hōʻike a China Electricity Union, he nui loa ka nui o nā cell electrochemical, a ua hiki aku ka nui o ka helu o nā cell hoʻokahi o ka papahana mālama ikehu i nā ʻumi tausani a i ʻole nā ​​​​haneli tausani o nā pae. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hōʻemi, ka nalowale o ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mana, ka palaho o ka mana o ka pila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hana e hoʻonui nui i ke kumukūʻai o ke ola o ke kahua mana mālama ikehu holoʻokoʻa, he mea paʻakikī loa ia e mālama; ʻO ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kahua mana mālama ikehu e pili ana i ka uila, kemika, ka mana a me nā ʻano aʻo ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ua nui ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana, a pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻoihana o nā limahana hana a me ka mālama.

Hele pū nā manawa kūpono a me nā pilikia. Pehea e hiki ai iā kākou ke hoʻonui i ke kuleana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou a hāʻawi i nā pane kūpono no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pahuhopu kalapona pālua?

ʻO ka "Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy Systems", i kākoʻo ʻia e ka International Energy Network, Photovoltaic Headlines and Energy Storage Headlines, me ke kumumanaʻo o "New Energy, New Systems and New Ecology", e mālama ʻia ma Beijing ma Pepeluali 21. I kēia manawa, e mālama ʻia ka "7th China Photovoltaic Industry Forum" ma Beijing ma Pepeluali 22

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka ʻaha kūkā e kūkulu i kahi kahua hoʻololi waiwai no ka ʻoihana photovoltaic. Ke kono nei ka ʻaha kūkā i nā alakaʻi, nā loea a me nā haumāna o ke Komisina Hoʻomohala a me ka Hoʻoponopono Lahui, ka ʻOihana Hoʻokele Ikehu, nā loea mana o ka ʻoihana, nā hui ʻoihana, nā ʻoihana noiʻi ʻepekema, nā ʻoihana hoʻolālā a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻoihana hoʻopukapuka mana e like me Huaneng, ka National Energy Group, ka National Power Investment Corporation, China Energy Conservation, Datang, Three Gorges, China Nuclear Power Corporation, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, ka State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, a me nā ʻoihana hana kaulahao ʻoihana photovoltaic. Pono nā ʻoihana e like me nā ʻoihana hoʻohui ʻōnaehana a me nā ʻoihana EPC e kūkākūkā piha a hoʻololi i nā kumuhana wela e like me ke kulekele ʻoihana photovoltaic, ʻenehana, ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana a me ke ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana mana hou, a kōkua i ka hopena o ka ʻoihana e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala hoʻohui.

ʻO ka "Symposium on Energy Storage and New Energy System" e kūkākūkā a hoʻololi i nā pilikia wela e like me ke kulekele ʻoihana mālama ikehu, ʻenehana, ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mālama optical, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻoihana e like me National Energy Group, Trina Solar, Easter Group, Chint New Energy, Kehua Digital Energy, Baoguang Zhizhong, Aishiwei Storage, Shouhang New Energy e kālele ana i nā pilikia e lanakila ai i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ola hou ma ke ʻano o "dual carbon", a hoʻokō i ka lanakila-lanakila a me ka hoʻomohala paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana ola hou, Hāʻawi i nā manaʻo hou a me nā ʻike.