Kasuwar ajiyar kayan gani ta China a shekarar 2023

A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Hukumar Makamashi ta Kasa ta gudanar da taron manema labarai na yau da kullun a Beijing. Wang Dapeng, Mataimakin Darakta na Sashen Sabbin Makamashi da Mai Sabuntawa na Hukumar Makamashi ta Kasa, ya gabatar da cewa a shekarar 2022, sabon karfin samar da wutar lantarki ta iska da kuma ta hasken rana a kasar zai wuce kilowatts miliyan 120, wanda zai kai kilowatts miliyan 125, wanda zai karya kilowatts miliyan 100 tsawon shekaru uku a jere, sannan ya kai sabon matsayi mafi girma.

Liu Yafang, mataimakin darakta na Sashen Kula da Makamashi da Kayan Aikin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Hukumar Makamashi ta Kasa, ya ce kafin karshen shekarar 2022, karfin sabbin ayyukan adana makamashi da ake gudanarwa a fadin kasar ya kai kilowatts miliyan 8.7, inda matsakaicin lokacin adana makamashi na kimanin awanni 2.1, wanda ya karu da sama da kashi 110% a karshen shekarar 2021.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a ƙarƙashin manufar dual-carbon, haɓaka sabbin makamashi kamar wutar lantarki ta iska da samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ya yi sauri, yayin da canjin yanayi da rashin tabbas na sabbin makamashi suka zama ƙalubale wajen tabbatar da isasshen wutar lantarki. Sabuwar rarrabawa da adana makamashi ya zama ruwan dare, wanda ke da ayyukan da ke rage canjin wutar lantarki ta sabon makamashi, inganta amfani da sabbin makamashi, rage karkacewar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, inganta tsaro da kwanciyar hankali na aikin layin wutar lantarki, da kuma rage cunkoson watsa wutar lantarki.

A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2021, Hukumar Ci Gaba da Gyaran Kasa da Hukumar Makamashi ta Kasa sun fitar da Ra'ayoyin Jagora kan Haɓaka Ci Gaban Sabbin Ma'ajiyar Makamashi kuma sun nemi ra'ayoyi daga dukkan al'umma. Ta bayyana a fili cewa ƙarfin da aka sanya na adana sabbin makamashi zai kai fiye da kilowatts miliyan 30 nan da shekarar 2025. A cewar kididdiga, kafin ƙarshen shekarar 2020, China ta fara aiki da jimlar ƙarfin ajiyar makamashin lantarki da aka sanya shine megawatts 3269.2, ko kilowatts miliyan 3.3, bisa ga manufar shigarwa da aka gabatar a cikin takardar, Nan da shekarar 2025, ƙarfin ajiyar makamashin lantarki da aka sanya a China zai ƙaru sau 10.

A yau, tare da saurin ci gaban ajiyar makamashin PV+, tare da manufofi da tallafin kasuwa, yaya yanayin ci gaban kasuwar ajiyar makamashi yake? Yaya batun aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta adana makamashi da aka fara aiki da ita? Shin za ta iya taka rawar da ta dace da kuma darajarta?

Har zuwa 30% ajiya!

Daga zaɓi zuwa tilas, an bayar da mafi tsaurin umarnin rarraba ajiya na ajiya

A bisa kididdigar da aka fitar daga International Energy Network/Photovoltaic Headline (PV-2005), zuwa yanzu, jimillar ƙasashe 25 sun fitar da manufofi don fayyace takamaiman buƙatun don daidaitawa da adanawa na photovoltaic. Gabaɗaya, yawancin yankuna suna buƙatar cewa girman rarrabawa da adanawa na tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ya kasance tsakanin 5% zuwa 30% na ƙarfin da aka shigar, lokacin daidaitawa galibi shine awanni 2-4, kuma wasu yankuna kaɗan awa 1 ne.

Daga cikinsu, birnin Zaozhuang na lardin Shandong ya yi la'akari sosai da girman ci gaba, halayen kaya, ƙimar amfani da wutar lantarki da sauran abubuwa, kuma ya tsara wuraren adana makamashi bisa ga ƙarfin da aka shigar na 15% - 30% (an daidaita shi bisa ga matakin ci gaba) da tsawon lokacin awanni 2-4, ko kuma ya yi hayar wuraren adana makamashin da aka raba tare da irin wannan ƙarfin, wanda ya zama rufin buƙatun rarrabawa da ajiya na wutar lantarki na yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan da sauran wurare suna buƙatar rabon rarrabawa da ajiya don isa 20%.

Ya kamata a lura cewa Guizhou ta fitar da wata takarda don fayyace cewa sabbin ayyukan makamashi ya kamata su cika buƙatun aiki na awanni biyu ta hanyar ginawa ko siyan ajiyar makamashi a ƙimar da ba ta ƙasa da kashi 10% na ƙarfin da aka shigar na sabon makamashi ba (ana iya daidaita rabon haɗin kai gwargwadon yanayin da ake ciki) don biyan buƙatun aski mafi girma; Ga sabbin ayyukan makamashi ba tare da ajiyar makamashi ba, ba za a yi la'akari da haɗin grid na ɗan lokaci ba, wanda za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi tsaurin tsari na rarrabawa da ajiya, wanda za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi tsaurin tsari na rarrabawa da ajiya.

Kayan aikin adana makamashi:

Yana da wuya a sami riba kuma sha'awar kamfanoni gabaɗaya ba ta da yawa

A bisa kididdigar da aka fitar a kan Cibiyar Makamashi ta Duniya/Taken Photovoltaic (PV-2005), a shekarar 2022, an sanya hannu/tsara ayyukan adana makamashin iska da hasken rana guda 83 a fadin kasar, tare da cikakken girman aikin na 191.553GW da kuma cikakken adadin jarin da ya kai yuan biliyan 663.346.

Daga cikin girman aikin da aka ƙayyade, Inner Mongolia tana kan gaba da 53.436GW, Gansu tana matsayi na biyu da 47.307GW, kuma Heilongjiang tana matsayi na uku da 15.83GW. Girman aikin na lardunan Guizhou, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Shandong, da Anhui duk sun wuce 1GW.

Duk da cewa sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi da tashoshin samar da makamashi sun yi ta karuwa, tashoshin samar da makamashi da aka fara aiki sun fada cikin wani yanayi mai ban tsoro. Yawancin ayyukan tallafawa na adana makamashi suna cikin wani yanayi na rashin aiki kuma a hankali suna zama abin kunya.

A cewar "Rahoton Bincike kan Aikin Rarraba Sabbin Makamashi da Ajiya" wanda Kungiyar Wutar Lantarki ta China ta fitar, farashin ayyukan adana makamashi galibi yana tsakanin yuan 1500-3000/kWh. Saboda yanayin iyakoki daban-daban, bambancin farashi tsakanin ayyukan yana da yawa. Daga ainihin halin da ake ciki, ribar yawancin ayyukan adana makamashi ba ta da yawa.

Wannan ba zai iya rabuwa da iyakokin gaskiya ba. A gefe guda, dangane da samun kasuwa, yanayin samun damar tashoshin wutar lantarki na adana makamashi don shiga cikin kasuwar cinikin wutar lantarki har yanzu ba a fayyace shi ba, kuma har yanzu ba a inganta dokokin ciniki ba. A gefe guda kuma, dangane da tsarin farashi, kafa tsarin farashin iya aiki mai zaman kansa ga tashoshin wutar lantarki na adana makamashi a gefen grid bai yi jinkiri ba, kuma masana'antar gaba ɗaya har yanzu ba ta da cikakkiyar dabarar kasuwanci don jagorantar jarin zamantakewa zuwa aikin adana makamashi. A gefe guda kuma, farashin sabbin ajiyar makamashi yana da yawa kuma ingancinsa ƙasa ne, Rashin tashoshi don isar da makamashi. A cewar rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai masu dacewa, a halin yanzu, farashin rarraba sabbin makamashi da adana makamashi yana ɗaukar nauyin sabbin kamfanonin haɓaka makamashi, wanda ba a watsa shi zuwa ƙasa ba. Farashin batirin lithium ion ya ƙaru, wanda ya kawo matsin lamba mai yawa ga sabbin kamfanonin makamashi kuma ya shafi shawarwarin saka hannun jari na sabbin kamfanonin haɓaka makamashi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, tare da farashin kayan silicon a cikin sarkar masana'antar photovoltaic yana ƙaruwa, farashin yana canzawa sosai. Ga sabbin kamfanonin samar da makamashi da ke da tilasta rarrabawa da adanawa, babu shakka, abubuwa biyu sun ƙara wa sabbin kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki nauyi, don haka sha'awar kamfanoni don samar da sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi da adanawa ba ta da yawa.

Babban ƙuntatawa:

Matsalar tsaron ajiyar makamashi har yanzu ba a warware ta ba, kuma aiki da kula da tashar wutar lantarki yana da wahala

A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, sabbin nau'ikan ajiyar makamashi sun bunƙasa kuma suna ƙara yin amfani da su sosai, yayin da amincin ajiyar makamashi ya ƙara yin muni. A cewar ƙididdiga marasa cikakke, tun daga shekarar 2018, sama da abubuwa 40 na fashewar batirin ajiyar makamashi da gobara sun faru a faɗin duniya, musamman fashewar Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ma'ajiyar Makamashi ta Beijing a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2021, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar masu kashe gobara biyu, raunin ma'aikacin kashe gobara ɗaya, da kuma rasa hulɗa da ma'aikaci ɗaya a tashar wutar lantarki. Kayayyakin batirin ajiyar makamashi na yanzu suna fuskantar matsaloli kamar rashin tsaro da aminci, raunin jagorar ƙa'idodi da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, rashin aiwatar da matakan kula da aminci, da kuma gargaɗin tsaro da tsarin gaggawa mara kyau.

Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na tsadar kuɗi, wasu masu gina ayyukan adana makamashi sun zaɓi samfuran adana makamashi waɗanda ba su da inganci da ƙarancin kuɗin saka hannun jari, wanda hakan kuma yana ƙara haɗarin tsaro. Ana iya cewa matsalar tsaro ita ce babbar matsalar da ke shafar ci gaban sabbin ma'aunin adana makamashi mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke buƙatar a magance shi cikin gaggawa.

Dangane da aikin tashar wutar lantarki da kula da ita, a cewar rahoton China Electricity Union, adadin ƙwayoyin lantarki masu sinadarai yana da yawa, kuma girman adadin ƙwayoyin lantarki guda ɗaya na aikin adana makamashi ya kai dubban dubbai ko ma daruruwan dubban matakai. Bugu da ƙari, farashin raguwar farashi, asarar ingancin canza wutar lantarki, lalacewar ƙarfin baturi da sauran abubuwan da ke aiki za su ƙara yawan kuɗin zagayowar rayuwar dukkan tashar wutar lantarki ta adana makamashi, wanda yake da matuƙar wahalar kulawa; Aiki da kula da tashoshin wutar lantarki na adana makamashi ya shafi wutar lantarki, sinadarai, sarrafawa da sauran fannoni. A halin yanzu, aiki da kulawa suna da yawa, kuma ƙwarewar ma'aikatan aiki da kulawa yana buƙatar ingantawa.

Damammaki da ƙalubale koyaushe suna tafiya tare. Ta yaya za mu iya ƙara girman rawar da sabbin rarraba makamashi da adana su ke takawa tare da samar da amsoshi masu gamsarwa don cimma burin mai da carbon biyu?

Za a gudanar da taron "Taron Taro kan Ajiyar Makamashi da Sabbin Tsarin Makamashi", wanda Cibiyar Makamashi ta Duniya, Manyan Labarai kan Ajiyar Makamashi da kuma Manyan Labarai kan Ajiyar Makamashi ta dauki nauyinsa, mai taken "Sabon Makamashi, Sabbin Tsarin da Sabbin Halittu", a Beijing a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu. A halin yanzu, za a gudanar da taron "Taron Masana'antar Hasken Makamashi na 7 na China" a Beijing a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu.

Dandalin yana da nufin gina wani dandamalin musayar kuɗi bisa ga darajar masana'antar hasken rana. Dandalin yana gayyatar shugabanni, ƙwararru da masana na Hukumar Ci Gaba da Gyaran Ƙasa, Hukumar Kula da Makamashi, ƙwararru masu iko a masana'antu, ƙungiyoyin masana'antu, cibiyoyin bincike na kimiyya, cibiyoyin ƙira da sauran cibiyoyi, da kuma kamfanonin saka hannun jari na wutar lantarki kamar Huaneng, Ƙungiyar Makamashi ta Ƙasa, Hukumar Zuba Jari ta Ƙasa, Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta China, Datang, Kwarin Ruwa Uku, Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Nukiliya na China, Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Guangdong na China, Kamfanin Samar da Makamashi na Jiha, Kamfanin Samar da Makamashi na Kudancin China, da kuma kamfanonin kera sarkar hasken rana na masana'antu. Ƙwararru kamar kamfanonin haɗa tsarin da kamfanonin EPC ya kamata su tattauna sosai kuma su yi musayar batutuwa masu zafi kamar manufofin masana'antar hasken rana, fasaha, ci gaban masana'antu da yanayin da ake ciki a cikin sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, da kuma taimakawa masana'antar ta cimma ci gaba mai ɗorewa.

Taron "Taron kan Ajiyar Makamashi da Tsarin Sabuwar Makamashi" zai tattauna tare da musayar batutuwa masu zafi kamar manufofin masana'antar adana makamashi, fasaha, haɗakar ajiyar gani, da sauransu, da kuma kamfanoni kamar National Energy Group, Trina Solar, Easter Group, Chint New Energy, Kehua Digital Energy, Baoguang Zhizhong, Aishiwei Storage, Shouhang New Energy zai mayar da hankali kan matsalolin da za a shawo kansu wajen gina sabuwar yanayin halittu a cikin mahallin "dual carbon", da kuma cimma ci gaban da ya dace da juna da kuma dorewar sabuwar yanayin halittu, Samar da sabbin ra'ayoyi da fahimta.